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Preparedness Plan
Dr.Murali Vallipuranathan
MBBS, PGD , MSc, MD
Consultant Community Physician
Pandemic Preparedness
Plan
It can be at three levels
Global planning
Community planning
Individual organization planning
Key Elements
Introduction to Pandemic
Reasons for Preparing a Pandemic
Plan
Preparedness Planning Process
Communications Strategy
Implementation
Follow up- Monitoring
Past Influenza Pandemics
1847
1850 Pandemic usually occur
42 yrs every 30 – 40 years
1889
1900 29 yrs
1918
39 yrs
1950 1957
1968 11 yrs
2000 Last
Last Pandemic
Pandemic was was ≈≈ 40
40
years
years ago,
ago, in
in 1968....
1968....
Influenza Strains and Pandemics in 20th
Century
1918-19 1957-58 1968-
69
Century
April 2009-present: The “Swine
Flu” (H1N1):
This is a novel strain of avian, swine
and human antigens that is still
mutating and spreading in the
human population worldwide.
Genetic Shift - Pandemic Influenza
Human Strains
Unknown
Avian Strains
emerges,
2. the virus infects humans,
on hospitals/infrastructure
Outbreak :
No
No Community
Community 3
Decrease a) number of
cases of death and
Measures Used illness and b) overall
health impact
Pandemic
Outbreak :
With Measures
Taken
Surveillance
Public health interventions to decrease
disease spread
Screening and diagnosis
Case management
Inter-sectoral coordination locally and
internationally
Vaccination strategies
Antiviral drug strategies
Communications
Autopsy and disposal procedures
Research
Activities differ between
Pandemic Phases
Pandemic Phase Critical activities
Pandemic alert, level Enhance surveillance
Pandemic alert, level
1: human cases, no Activate Central
Develop/test command
candidate center
vaccine
2 & 3: p-to-p
p-to-p transmission Enhance surveillance
Accelerate/monitor preparedness
transmission, local Investigate outbreak/define epidemiology
outbreak(s) Implement containment activities
Continue/accelerate preparedness
Communication in
emergency:
Show that you care
Demonstrate competence/expertise
Tell what you know and don’t know
Explain process to find answers
Communication in
emergency:
Don’t over reassure
Acknowledge uncertainty
Acknowledge fear
Let people know what they can do
Ask more of people
Assume the best of people.
DO NOT assume that people will
“panic”!
Prepare to Answers for:
What is happening?
Are my family and I safe?
What should I do?
What can I do to protect myself and my
family?
What is Government/ Health Ministry
doing?
What can we expect?
Why did this happen?
Why wasn’t this prevented?
What else can go wrong?
What does this information mean?
Pandemic Preparedness
Plan in
Sri Lanka
Cabinet approved Steering Committee
which includes the Secretaries and
Director Generals of Ministry of
Health, and Ministry of Animal
Production and Health has been
appointed with the threat of Avian
Influenza Pandemic
Regular meetings of the Joint Technical
Committee are conducted to review
the pandemic preparedness activities
in collaboration with the Ministry of
Estate Infrastructure & Livestock
Pandemic Preparedness
Plan (PPP) in Sri Lanka
(continued)
unusual events
Prevention & control
Emergency response team in districts
developed
Issues in Pandemic
Preparedness in Sri Lanka
We have expertise in Pandemic
Planning with the international
collaboration
Difficulty in implementation at the
regional level
Issues in the availability of vaccines
Logistic issues
Isolation issues
Cost
Panic is our enemy
Knowledge is our friend
Preparation is our best line of
defense
THANK YOU