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Human Waste
Cesspit leakage
Septic tank discharge
Washing water
Rainfall
Groundwater
Surplus manufactured liquids from domestic source
Seawater
Direct ingress of river water
Direct ingress of manmade liquids
Highway drainage
Storm drains
Blackwater
Agricultural drainage
Industrial waste
Industrial cooling waters
Industrial process waters
Organic or bio-degradable waste
Extreme pH waste
Toxic waste
Anaerobic bacteria
Leach field
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)
A. Pre treatment
Screening
Grit removal
Fat and grease removal
B. Primary treatment
Sedimentation
Saponification
60 to 65 percent of
suspended solids,
30 to 35 percent of
biochemical oxygen
demand(BOD) from
the sewage.
C. Secondary treatment
Activated sludge
Process for treating waste water
using air and a biological floc
composed of bacteria and
protozoans.
The process traps particulate
material convert ammonia
to nitrite and nitrate and
ultimately to nitrogen gas
Surface-aerated basins
Oxidizing bed
Biological films
Co2 gas, water and
other oxidized end
products
Rotating biological contactors
Germany, 1960.
Rotating disks
Oxygen
Effluent from the RBC is then passed through final
clarifiers where the micro-organisms in suspension
settle as a sludge
Membrane bioreactor
Polymeric membranes
0.003 to 0.01 μm.
Ultrafiltration
Liquid- solid sepration
Secondary sedimentation