In this section you will learn

that two early English colonies

failed, but Jamestown survived
– partly through individual
effort and hard work.
 Thanks to successful
campaigns against the Spanish
in Europe, England was able to
begin competing with Spain for
economic superiority in North
America.
HOW DID THE ENGLISH GET
A FOOTHOLD IN NORTH
AMERICA?
IN THE 1500’s IN 1588 THE ENGLAND
THE SPANISH ENGLISH PUNK NOW CAN
LAID CLAIM TO THE SPANISH GRAB A PIECE
THEN SO… OF THE
MUCH OF ARMADA IN
NORTH EUROPE AMERICAN
AMERICA PIE!
(OUCH!)
Spanish and Portuguese Empires
in the period of (1581-1640).
Defeat of the Spanish Armada, 1588, depicts the battle of Gravelines.
 England set up colonies in
America in order to:
• Increase trade
• Import raw materials
• Find gold
• Find a passage through the Americas to
the Indies
• Establish the Protestant faith in America
 WHY DID THE ENGLISH
WANT TO COLONIZE NORTH
AMERICA?
Find a passage
Increase trade through the Americas
to the Indies

REASONS FOR
ENGLAND TO
COLONIZE
Find gold
NORTH AMERICA
Import raw
materials

Establish the Protestant

faith in America
Many English colonists voyaged
to America to:

• Find economic opportunities.

• Seek gold.

• Escape religious persecution

Find economic
opportunities Seek gold

REASONS AN
ENGLISHMAN MIGHT
GO TO AMERICA

Escape religious persecution

Portrait of Queen
Elizabeth I who
gave Sir Walter
Raleigh
permission to set
up a colony at
Roanoke.
 In 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh set up a
colony at Roanoke. The colony failed.
Urged by the artist John White,
Raleigh tried again in 1587, this time
with 100 settlers including members
of White’s family, who disappeared
without a trace. In 1607, the
Plymouth Company sponsored a
colony in Maine. It also failed.
Portrait of Walter Raleigh,
near age 32, by Nicholas
Hilliard, c.1585
A map of the
Roanoke
area, by John
White
A sketch by John White of Indians at Roanoke.
In 1607, the Virginia Company
of London financed a colony at
Jamestown, Virginia. In 1608,
John Smith took control of the
Jamestown colony. 800 more
colonists arrived in 1609, and
by 1621 Jamestown had grown
to more than 2,000.
 James I of
England from the
period 1603–
1613, authorized
the James Town
settlement after
whom it is
named.
                                                

     

Arrival at Jamestown
The 1609 charter
for the Virginia
colony "from sea
to sea"
At Jamestown Settlement, replicas of Christopher Newport's 3 ships are docked in the harbor.
Sketch of Jamestown c. 1608
The Inside of the First Church in
Jamestown, where the first law in
America was made
                                                                                            

The Native American warriors took Captain Smith prisoner.

FOR UNDERSTANDING
 In 1607, the Virginia Company of
London financed a colony at______,
Virginia. In 1608, ______ took
control of that colony.

• 1) Jonestown, Jim Jones • 3) Roanoke, John White

• 2) Johnstown, John • 4) Jamestown, John Smith

Smith
Which of the following was not
a reason why England set up
colonies in North America:
• 1) Increase trade • 3) Establish the
Catholic faith in
• 2) Find gold America

• 4) Find a passage
through the
Americas to the
Indies
 Thanks to successful
campaigns against the Spanish
in Europe, ______ was able to
begin competing with Spain for
economic superiority in North
America.
• 1) Mexico • 3) The Netherlands.

• 2) England • 4) Portugal
 Many English colonists
voyaged to America for all the
following reasons except:

• 1) Establish a • 3) Escape religious

mission system. persecution.

• 2) Seek gold.
• 4) Find economic
opportunities.
 In 1585 Sir Walter Raleigh set
up a colony at______. The
colony failed. Urged by the
artist______, Raleigh tried
again in 1587.

• 1) Connecticut, • 3) Roanoke, John White

Michelangelo
• 4) Plymouth, John Rolfe
• 2) Jamestown, King
James
 • Pocahontas was a girl of 11; Smith
• Pocahontas and John Smith was a man of 28.
were both young adults • Pocahontas was a naked child when
when they met. she visited John Smith in
Jamestown. For Winter warmth, she
• Pocahontas had an amazing would wear a mantle; one of hers
was covered with feathers. When
figure, and wore a leather she turned 12, she started wearing a
minidress with one leather dress with or without one
shoulder strap. Dresses were often
shoulder strap. She had a decorated with pictures of animals,
tattoo. birds, or tortoises. She probably did
have tattoos.
• John Smith was tall and • John Smith was short, had
clean shaven. He wore tight a full beard, and wore puffy
pants and some armor. pants (like everyone else).
He did wear the type of
• The colonists sailed on the
armor shown.
Susan Constant
• The colonists sailed in
three ships: the Susan
Constant, Godspeed, and
Discovery.
 • The colony did not have a governor for the
• Ratcliffe was governor of
the colony, so he was in
charge during the voyage.
first couple of years. It had a council with a
president. Captain Newport was admiral and
fleet commander during the voyage of 1607.
After they landed, they opened the secret
orders to see who was on the governing
council. The council elected Wingfield as the
first president. Ratcliffe was elected
president in September, 1607. Captain John
Smith is elected council president of
Jamestown Virginia in 1608. In 1609, Smith
left, and Percy became President. Thomas
West (Baron De La Warre) was appointed
the first Governor in 1609, but he did not
arrive until 1610.
 • John Smith was arrested and
• As soon as they landed, clapped in irons during the
John Smith started scouting voyage, and was not released
until a month after the landing
around. at Jamestown. After that, he did
• John Smith was captured plenty of exploring and trading.
He mapped most of the area.
when ventured out alone at
• John Smith was captured on an
night to meet Pocahontas. expedition one day in
December, when he and his
Indian guide split off from the
other two Englishmen.
 • When Opechancanough captured
him, John Smith used his compass
to demonstrate “the roundnesse of
• John Smith's compass the earth and skies, the spheare of
showed Pocahontas where the Sunne, Moone, and Starres,
and how the Sunne did chase the
her true path lay. night round about the world
continually: the greatnesse of the
Land and Sea, the diversitie of
Nations, varietie of Complexions,
and how we were to them
Antipodes...” (Wow! He said all
that in Algonquian?)

• John Smith was going to be
executed on top of a bluff at
dawn, in front of an army of
colonists who had come to
rescue him.
• John Smith and Pocahontas met
in the wilderness and fell in
love, like Romeo and Juliet.
• Pocahontas was engaged to
Kocoum, but she chose John
Smith instead.
• It appeared that John Smith was going
to be executed in Powhatan's long
house, in front of Powhatan's warriors
and counselors. The colonists did not
know where he was.
• John Smith met Pocahontas when she
"rescued" him from execution.
Powhatan then adopted Smith as his
son, "Nantaquoud". Pocahontas and her
new kinsman became good friends.
• This really belongs in Pocahontas II.
After John Smith went home to
England, then Pocahontas was engaged
to Kocoum, but she chose John Rolfe
instead.
 • George Percy was a prominent
• Pocahontas had animal
friends. Percy was
Ratcliffe's dog. Thomas
was a young colonist friend
of Smith's.
colonist who followed Smith as
council president, and wrote two
books about his experiences. A
clever name for the dog!
Thomas Savage, young laborer,
arrived in January 1608, and
was sent to live with Powhatan
the next month, sort of like a
"cultural exchange student".
In 1612, John Rolfe developed
a high-grade tobacco that the
colonists learned to grow. It
became very popular in
England.
 Settlers were offered 50 acres
of land if they paid for their
own passage to the colonies.
Those who could not afford
passage to America, borrowed
money and became indentured
servants, who worked for many
years in order to pay back the
loans.
 The 1606 grants by
James I to the London
and Plymouth
companies. The
overlapping area
(yellow) was granted to
both companies on the
stipulation that neither
found a settlement
within 100 miles of
each other.
The strict rule of the colonist’s
Governor forced his
replacement by an elected
assembly called the House of
Burgesses.
 As the number of colonists
increased, their relationship
with the Powhatan natives
grew worse. In an effort to
improve relations between the
English and the Powhatan,
John Rolfe married Chief
Powhatan’s daughter,
Pocahontas in 1614.
An 1850s painting of John Rolfe and Pocahontas
Sir Walter John White
Raleigh

colony at
Roanoke
Pocahontas

John Smith colony at John Rolfe

Jamestown
• Back in England, Ratcliffe tries
to have Smith killed. Smith
escapes but decides to lay low.
Pocahontas hears that he has
died.
• Still believing that Virginia is
full of gold, Ratcliffe schemes
up a war. King James appoints
him Admiral of the invasion
armada.
• When Smith was evacuated to
England for treatment of his
gunpowder wound in October
1609, the colonists told
Pocahontas that he had died.
• The same month Smith left
Virginia, October 1609,
Ratcliffe was caught by the
Indians, and died a horrible
death.

• Handsome diplomat John
Rolfe is dispatched to
Virginia. He manages to
mistake Pocahontas for the
chief at first, but recovers
quickly.
• Pocahontas and Rolfe rush
to England, on a desperate
mission to avert the war.
• While Pocahontas was being held
hostage at Jamestown in 1613, she
met colonist John Rolfe, a successful
tobacco planter and sincere Christian.
She converted to Christianity and
married him in April 1614.
• The "Peace of Pocahontas" began
with the marriage of Pocahontas to
John Rolfe. Their son Thomas was
born around 1615. In 1616, the
Virginia Company sent the Rolfe
family on a promotional English tour,
with several other Indians and
colonists.
• Uttamatomakkin is supposed to
tally the population of England,
by cutting a notch in his stick
• True story!
for each man he sees. He soon • Pocahontas attended the
gives up! lavish Twelfth Night
• Pocahontas attends the Hunt Masque at the royal court.
Ball at the royal court, where A great time was had by
Ratcliffe sets a trap for her. She
all.
is arrested, and thrown into
prison at the Tower of London.
• Pocahontas is relieved to
see John Smith alive, as he
and John Rolfe rescue her
from the Tower.
• Pocahontas and John Rolfe
set sail for Virginia. Love
is in the air. The End.
• The Rolfe family set sail for
• John Smith did visit
Pocahontas. She was so
shocked, she hid her face, and
could not speak for two or three
hours. Finally, she said, “They
did tell me always you were
dead, and I knew no other ’till I
came to Plymouth. Yet
Powhatan did command
Uttamatomakkin to seek you,
and know the truth – because
your countrymen will lie
much.”
Virginia, but disease was in the
air. Pocahontas died at
Gravesend.
A 1616 engraving of Pocahontas
by Simon van de Passe.
The original English caption (not
visible here) reads "Matoaks als
Rebecka daughter to the mighty
Prince Powhatan Emperour of
Attanoughkomouck als virginia
converted and baptized in the
Christian faith, and wife to the
wor.th Mr. Joh. Rolff."
The inscription under the portrait
reads "Aetatis suae 21 A. 1616",
Latin for "at the age of 21 in the
year 1616".
 Chief
Powhatan in
a longhouse
at
Werowoco
moco (detail
of John
Smith map,
1612)
 Fed up of the ever expanding
colonists, the Powhatan natives
killed hundreds of Jamestown’s
residents in 1622.
 The Native

 
American
people lived
very differently
than the
English
settlers who
                                                  

came to stay.
Indian massacre of 1622, depicted in a 1628 woodcut
Nathaniel Bacon led a group of
landless settlers against
Governor William Berkeley,
and burned Jamestown to the
ground in 1676, in a revolt that
came to be known as Bacon’s
rebellion.
Portrait of
Nathaniel
Bacon.
FOR UNDERSTANDING
 In 1612, ______ developed a
high-grade ______ that the
colonists learned to grow.

• 1) John Rolfe, corn • 3) John Smith, tobacco

• 2) John Rolfe, tobacco • 4) John Ratcliffe, corn

 Fed up of the ever expanding
colonists, ______ killed
hundreds of Jamestown’s
residents in 1622.

• 1) the Powhatan • 3) the Spanish

natives
• 4) Queen Elisabeth I
• 2) Nathaniel Bacon
 The strict rule of the colonist’s
Governor forced his replacement
by an elected assembly called the
______ .

• 1) Court of Burgesses • 3) House of Commons

• 2) Court of Charles I • 4) House of Burgesses

 Those who could not afford
passage to America, borrowed
money and became______, who
worked for many years in
order to pay back the loans.

• 1) Puritans • 3) wealthy land owners

• 2) indentured servants • 4) Free Masons

 Nathaniel Bacon led a group of
landless settlers against Governor
William Berkeley, and burned
Jamestown to the ground in 1676,
in a revolt that came to be known
as______ .
• 1) the great • 3) the charge of the
migration light brigade

• 2) Bacon’s rebellion • 4) the boxer rebellion

 John Rolfe married Chief
Powhatan’s daughter, ______
in 1614.

• 1) Nakatani • 3) Pocahatan

• 2) Pocatani • 4) Pocahontas