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 Contents

1 What is Pneumonia?

2 Pathophysiology

3 Diagnostic Tests/ Lab Results

4 Nursing Interventions

 
 What is Pneumonia?
It is a respiratory infection of one
or both lungs which is usually caus
ed by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.

Specifically it is an inflammation of
the parenchyma of the lung which
is the 
 and abnormal alveol
ar filling with fluid.

also called ›
   



 

can range in seriousness from mild

to life-threatening

Pneumonia often is a complication

of another condition, such as t
he flu
 
 Different types of Pneumonia
‡ Pneumococcal Pneumonia : Streptococcus Pneumoniae
‡ Staphylococcal Pneumonia :Staphylococcus Aureus
‡ Influenzeal Pneumonia : Haemophilus Influenzae
‡ Anaerobic bacterial Pneumonia : Oral Flora
‡ Legionnaires Disease : Legionella Pneumophila
‡ Mycoplasma Pneumonia : Mycoplasma Microorganism
‡ Viral Pneumonial : Influenza A Virus
‡ Fungal Pneumonia : Histoplasmosis, candidadiasis
‡ Parasitic Pneumonia :Protozoa

 
 
 Pathophysiology
Entry of Microorganism to nasal passage

Invasion of the respiratory system

Activation of immune response(cough)

Ineffective immune response results to overwhelming

Invaded lung parenchyma

Release of endotoxins and extotxins

Continuous musuc production

Massive inflammation (Pneumonia) with haszy portion of the chest and

dyspnea

Altered gas exchange

Consolidation

 
 Pathophysiology

 
 Pathophysiology


 Assessment
1. May develop a high fever, nasal flaring, retractions, chest
pain, chills, and dyspnea (some children may report the p
ain as being abdominal.)

2. Show tachypnea and tachycardia because lung field is full

of excudate and respiratory function is diminished.
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3. Color, amount, consistency of sputum.

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 Signs and Symptoms

  

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 Signs and Symptoms

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 Signs and Symptoms

 
 Risk Factors

Age- very young children whose immune system is not ye

t fully developed -age 65 or older
Certain diseases- immune deficiency diseases and chronic
illnesses
Smoking, alcohol abuse
Hospitalization in an intensive care unit
Exposure to certain chemicals or pollutants
Surgery or traumatic injury

 
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 Diagnostic Tests/ Lab Results


 - reveal areas of opacity (seen as white) which repre
sent consolidation



- to see if enough oxygen is getting
into your blood from the lungs




- to check white blood cell count,
high white blood cell count indicates the presence of an infection
or inflammation


    - scan the chest that c
an reveal pneumonia that is not seen on chest x-ray
 
  

 
- to look for the orga
nism causing your symptoms, used to confirm that the infection i
s sensitive to an antibiotic that has already been started
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- if there is fluid in the space surrounding t
he lungs
   - diagnosis of a possible causative organism

 
 Lab Results
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 Nursing Management

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 Prevention

Get vaccinated
Wash your hands
Don¶t smoke
Proper diet and Healthy lifestyle
Get treatment for Gerd
Protect others from infection

 
 Medications
Mild-to-moderate cases can be treated at home
with oral antibiotics. Severe pneumonia usually
needs intravenous antibiotics administered in the
hospital.

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