University Malaysia Sarawak

Faculty Cognitive Sciences and Human Development

KMS 3103 Final Year Project 1

Title: Factors That Influence Training Effectiveness

Supervisor:Abang Ekhsan Abang Othman

Name: Wan Mohd Farhan Firdaus Wan Mokhtar
Matric Number: 15478
 Chapter 1
Introduction
Investigate the effect of several elements to the effectiveness of training
program

This chapter consists of these elements:

Background of the study, problem statement, research objectives, research

questions, conceptual framework , the significance of the study,
definitions of the term being used in this study and the limitations of the
study.
 Background of Study
According to Ibrahim Mamat (1996) in his publication quotes that human
capital can give big consequences to the organization performance.Thus, it
is necessary to organization to plan training program for their employees

These factors can influence effectiveness of training program and directly

affect organization performance.

In order to ensure that effectiveness of training is existed,trainee need to

apply back their new knowledge into their workplace.
 Problem Statement
Training program been implemented to improve employees skill and also
equip employees with current demand.Thus , this up to date and skilled
employees could improves organization outcomes,
Training is a process to improve skill to fulfill current demand that
can contribute to organization goals and objectives (Aini
Hayati,Faridawati and Mohamad Basri ,2002)
Training program are very important in order to improve performance and
productivity.
Organization need to focus to the training program as a way to
improve performance and productivity of the employees (Pershing &
Pershing ,2001)
Training also bring many benefit to the organization and reduce some risk
and losses to the organization
 Brookes (1995) stated that the benefit of training program are
increase outcomes,quality ,mantaining performance, improve
motivation and services and reduce waste of sources,accident, and
discharge of employees.
 Objective of the Study
General Objective

The main objectives of this studies is to investigate the factors that can
affect the effectiveness of the training

Specific Objective

 To investigate the relationship between top management support and

the effectiveness of the training
 To investigate the relationship between training content and the
effectiveness of the training.
 To investigate the relationship between motivation level of trainee and
the effectiveness of the training.
 To investigate the relationship between training environment and the
effectiveness of the training.
 Research Hypothesis

H1: There is significance relationship between top

management supports and effectiveness of training
H2: There is significance relationship between
training content and effectiveness of training
H3: There is significance relationship between
motivation level of trainee and effectiveness of
training
H4: There is significance relationship between
training environment and effectiveness of training
 Conceptual Framework

Dependent Variables
Independent Variables

Effectiveness of training
 Top management

support

 Training content

 Motivation level of

trainee

 Training environment

Adapted : (Guerrero & Sire 2001, Maltineau

1997, Tracey 2001)
 Significance of Study

Organization will more concern with their training program because it is an

long term investment to them.

This study has practical implication on employer, employees and society in

identifying their responsibility in order to improve training effectiveness

The elements that could influences training program will be improve more in
order to increase the effectiveness of training program
 Definition of Terms
Training

• In this study, training is an element that make employee learn something new and get improved in
attituted, skill and knowledge for better performance.

Effectiveness of training
• effectiveness of training is the reaction of teacher at SMK Kota Samarahan which positive with the
training and the positive behavior of work after get the training.Those training program also have
improved their productivity and student at that school will get better services.

Top management support

• behavior and action from management level at SMK Kota Samarahan to any training program been
implement and their support either in form of finance or non-finance.
Support in this context also refers to budget ,reward,location and current instrument during the
training program and also human capital that needed in order to bring success any training program.

Training Environment
• In this study, trainee environment refers to the place that trainee been lectured, place
they stayed during the training program been implement and facilities for them used
along the training program.
Training Content
• training content contained of objectives of training learning
plan. Information category, learning activity, implementation,
material and instrument also time provided for that training.It
also cover all the aspect that been used to make the training
program success.

Motivation of trainee
• In this study, motivation of trainee refers to an effort of a
trainee to apply his knowledge and skills that been learned
from training program.In other words, motivation that teachers
at SMK Kota Samarahan will make them more focus and
dedicated in teaching their students
Limitation of Study

The research is mainly focused in one organization and that will make the
data to be restricted only to the selected employees in that particular
organization.

 the variables are limited to four and that will make that study to be more
specific but chance to develop other knowledge is lesser here.
 Chapter 2
Literature Review
Training
Besley and Caple (1993) define training as a planning and effort with systematic
ways to improve and upgrade knowledge ,skill and abilities through learning from
experience to get better performance in a program or activity
Effectiveness of Training Program
The effectiveness of training program refers to the degree of behavioral and
attitudes changes of employees after under the training program. The changes
mean knowledge ,skill and behavior that can improve individual effectiveness in
their job (Mirable, 1997)
Literature Review (Cont’)
1. Content of the Training
According to study been made one of the factor that influence the
effectiveness of training program is the quality of the content of training
program.Either the quality of content of training program are fulfill the
training program objectives or not. (Comb & Falletta ,2000; Green ,2001;
Driscoll, 1998).

2. Motivation of Trainee
In a training program motivation influences the willingness of an employees to
attend training in the first place (Maurer & Tarulli , 1994 : Noe & Wilk ,1993)

3. Trainee environment
According to Smith & Kearny (1994) environment could influence individual
abilities to think and completing their task.Environment also can reflect
work’s performance and effectiveness of training program

4. Top Management Support

Top management play very important role as supporter and motivator to the
employees to them involve actively in training issue (Harrison, 1997)
Literature Review (Cont’)
Related Theory With Effectiveness of Training Program

1. Behavior
 This theory stated that when training been held, stimulation and
feedback are involved. Learning are existed when both of the
component are there (Ibrahim Mamat 1996).This situation will
generate effectiveness in training program.

2. Humanistic
 This theory suggest that instructor need to improve their relationship
with the trainee.By doing this, the changes of attitude between trainee
will be more simple when get interact with trainer (M.Galotti ,2004)
3. Cognitive Learning Theory
•beliefs that perception and thought will influence learning
process.So, trainer need to ensure that trainee make same
interpretation to a such things.
•Trainer also need to encourage learning by understanding
and finding way.Trainee must have their own freedom to
learn by themselves.This situation will generate motivated
trainee.
•Content of training need to be arrange by proper
arrangement in process adapting of innovation or process
changes of trainee attitudes.
•Effectiveness existed when trainee can used back what were
they learned during training program(Ibrahim Mamat 1996)
 Chapter 3
Methodology
Research Design
This research will be based on mix method
Apart from questionnaires surveys, in-depth interview also going to be
conducted
Population and Sample
The population that will be selected is SMK Kota Samarahan
Determining the sample for the research will using
Simple Random Sampling method
• This is where the minimum sample size is determined
• A total of 120 questionnaires will be distributed to the organization
• Desired targeted respondents is 100
Research Instrument
Sets of questionnaire where haves 3 sections
The of scale of measurement is using Five-point Likert Scale
Methodology (Cont’)
Data Collection
Permission must be obtained first before the research begins.
A letter will be issued by the faculty for the desired organization.
120 sets of questionnaires will be distributed
The major method that will be used is by primary data :questionnaires
Secondary Data also will be used in this research such as empirical
journals, research reviews and reports, and others.

Analysis of Data
The data collected will be analyzed using
Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS):

• Descriptive statistic and Inferential statistics

• Correlation Test (Pearson Test)
References
Cohen D.J (1990) , “What Motivates Trainees?” Training and
Development Journal, vol 36 no 1 pp91-3
Ibrahim Bin Mamat (1996) , Effective Design and Succesful
Management of Training , Selangor : Easview Publication Sdn
Bhd
Coakes ,J.S., Steed , L.(2007). SPSS : Analysis without
anguish : version 14.0 for windows (1st ed.) John Wiley &
Sons Autralia ,Ltd
Simon, S (2005).Stats : What is a correlation ? (Pearson
Correlation.)Retrieved on 1 October 2010 from
http://www.childrensmercy.org?stats/definitions/correlation.ht
m
THANK YOU