Application System Modeling

Data Modeling through ER

Model

3/12/2013 SEBP 1
 Data Flow Diagram
DATA STORES DATA STORES

EXTERNAL Process EXTERNAL

ENTITY ENTITY

Example -Coffee Making System

MATERIAL DATABASE

CUSTOMER Insert Coin Coffee Making Get Coffee CUSTOMER

System

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 Context Level Diagram

Budget Allocation
Request for approval MANAGEMENT
DEPARTMENTS

Budget
Monitoring Sending summaries
Rejected Request
System

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 Data Flow Diagram
1. It is a graphical tool for designing systems ,input
,process and output.
2. It represents flow of data through system.
3. It shows the processes ,data stores ,sources &
destination entities .
4. The transformation of data from input to output through
process is described logically.
5. The top level diagram is called context diagram. It
contains single process .It gives a broad overview of the
system under study.
6. There are two types of DFD.
a) Logical DFD
b) Physical DFD

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Symbols used in DFD
Process: YOURDAN Gane & Sarson
Here flow of data is transformed. E.g. verify
credits, update inventory file.
External Entity:
These are the entities lying outside the
boundary of the system and interact with
the system .A source or destination of data
which is external to the system. E.g.
supplier, customer etc.
Data Flow:
It is a packet of data .It is actual flow of
data from 1 process to another. It may be in
the form of a document, letter, telephone
call etc.
Data Store:
It indicates the file stored in system or
registers used in manual system. Any
stored data e.g. inventory master file,
customer master file.
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Steps to draw DFD
 Developing DFD follows a top down process.
 An initial overview model (context level )is exploded into more
detailed ,lower level diagrams. Each process is broken down
into yet more detailed DFD. This is carried out repeatedly until
sufficient detail is described.
 Steps.
1. Identify the sources i.e. entities which originate data and
sinks which receive final output.
2. Identify the process as the activities of the system.
3. Join the process and sources/sinks via data flow.
4. The names of data stores ,sources & destinations are written
in capital letters. Process & data flow names have the first
letter of each word capitalized
5. Sources cannot leak data directly to a data store.
6. A data store cannot can not pass data directly to a
destination.
7. Data cannot flow directly from one data store to another.
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Data Flow Diagram (cont.)
Physical DFD
1. The DFD that shows how things happen
and which are the actual physical
component involved. Specify where,
how and by whom the processes
are performed.
Logical DFD
1. The DFD that a clear idea of what the
system has to achieve without getting into
details like “who is going to do it”. Specify
what tasks/process the systems are
doing.

2. Shows the system’s entities & data flows 2. Shows a system processes and data flows
into and out from each entity . into and out of the processes .

3. Process names include a noun may be 3. Process name describe the work done.
the name of the processor i.e. person Process is labeled with verb that describes
,dept ,comp-sys etc. the activities being performed E.g. Order
Processing

4. Data stores identify their computer and

manual implementation. (e.g. clerks 4. Physical location of data stores is
notebook etc.) irrelevant.

5. Data flow names include the

implementation facts as media ,timing, 5. Data flow names describe the data they
name etc contain.

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 Process modeling through Data Flow
Diagrams (Logical / Physical)
Case study
Draw a PDFD and LDFD for order processing system
The activities include
1.Customer sends in order .
2.Orders are received by order processing clerk.
3.Order processing clerk verifies the order for the material
before sending for further processing or rejecting it.
4.Rejected order will be sent to customer others will be
entered into the computer file.
5.Order is processed and an invoice is prepared
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 Process modeling through Data Flow
Diagrams (Logical / Physical) (cont.)
Physical DFD CUSTOMER ORDERS
Customer Order Details
Customer order 1 2 3
CUSTOMER Order Accepted Enter in the
Rejected Customer Order
Run order
Processing Computer Processing
Clerk file Program
GOODS DETAILS
Processed order
details
Good Details 4
Invoice Invoice
CUSTOMER Preparation
Clerk

Logical DFD CUSTOMER ORDERS GOODS DETAILS

Customer Order Details
Good Details
1 2
Customer Order 3
Receipt Accepted
Order Processed
CUSTOMER InvoiceCUSTOMER
& Customer Order Order Invoice
Reject Processing
Verification Preparation

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 Context Level Diagram for Fixed
Deposit System
Refund Payment Details
Renewal of FD A/C

0.0 Payment Details

FD A/C Opening Fixed Fixed Deposit Receipt

CUSTOMER Details CUSTOMER
Deposit System
Payment Details

Interest Details
FD A/C Cancellation Details

Loan Application Details Interest Details

Reports BANK
Request Query Reports
USER Answered Query USER
Master Data Details
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First Level Diagram For FDS
1
FD A/C Opening Details FD FD Receipt
CUSTOMER Account CUSTOMER
Depositor opening
FD Account Details
Details
DEPOSITOR FD A/C

2
FD Cancellation Details FD Refund Payment Details
Cancellation
Depositor
Details FD Account Details
DEPOSITOR FD A/C
3
Loan Application Details Loan Loan and Payment Details
Processing
Loan Details
FD Account Details
FD LOAN
FD A/C

FD Renewal Details 4 FD Receipt

FD
Renewal
Process
FD Account Details
FD A/C
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 5
Payment Details Payment Payment Details
CUSTOMER CUSTOMER
Processing
FD Certificate
Depositor
LOAN Details FD Account Details Loan Transaction Details

INTEREST RATE DEPOSITOR FD A/C

LOAN
TRANSACTION
6
Master FD Interest Rate Details
USER Master Data Details
Data
Maintenance
FD INTEREST RATE

7
Request Query Query Processing Answered Query USER

Depositor FD Account Details

Details Loan Details
Depositor FD LOAN FD A/C
INTEREST RATE
Loan Transaction Details
LOAN
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 Second Level DFD for Fixed Deposit System
FD Account Opening
1.3
1.1 1.2
Enroll Validation of
Enrolled Invalid Display Error
FD A/C FD A/C FD A/C
CUSTOMER FD A/C Details Message
Details Details Details
Details

Valid
Details
1.4
FD A/C
Updating of
FD A/C
FD A/C
Details
Details

Depositor Details
FD Details
DEPOSITOR
1.6 1.5
1.7
Interest Generate FD A/C
Update Interest Calculate Interest FD A/C NO
FD Receipt Details Number
CUSTOMER Detail Details
into FD AC
FD A/C
Interest Details Number
FD A/C Details
Interest FD A/C
INTEREST RATE
Details

FD A/C
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FD Account Cancellation

2.3
2.1 2.2
Get Validation of
Enrolled Invalid FD Display Error
FD A/C FD A/C No. FD A/C No
CUSTOMER FD A/C No A/C NO. Message
No Details Details Details
Details Details
FD A/C
Details Valid FD A/C
NO .Details
FD A/C
2.4
2.5
Invalid Date Get Cancel Date
Display Error
2.7 Message
Display Loan
CUSTOMER Pending
FD Receipt Message Valid Date

2.9 2.7
2.10 2.6
Payment Calculate Check For
Update FD FD A/C No Loan Check for
Details Payment Period
A/C Status Period Pending Loan
to Close Details
FD
Amount FD A/C
Details Details Check For
FD A/C Interest Details Pending Loan
Closing
INTEREST RATE FD A/C FD LOAN
Details

FD A/C
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 Loan Processing

3.3
3.1 3.2
Enroll Validation of
Enrolled Invalid Display Error
FD LOAN FD Loan FD Loan
CUSTOMER FD Loan Details Message
Application Details Details
Details
Details
Valid FD
FD A/C Loan Details
Details
FD LOAN 3.4
3.8 FD A/C
Updating of
Mark Payment Status Details FD Loan
FD Loan
Status Pending Details
Details

FD LOAN
FD Loan Loan Number Details FD Details
Receipt
3.6 3.5
3.7 Get Valid
Amount Generate Loan
Issue FD Loan NO.
Update into Details Number
CUSTOMER amount Details
FD Loan

New FD Loan Last Loan

FD Loan Amount & Number
FD Loan App.No.Details
Transaction Number
Amount FD LOAN
Details LOAN TRANSACTION

FD LOAN
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 FD Renewal Process

4.1 4.2 4.3

Enrolled Invalid
FD Enroll FD FD Validation of
CUSTOMER Display Error
Renewal Renewal Renewal FD Renewal
Message
Details Details Details Details
Valid
4.4

Check FD
maturity

Matured
FD Period
4.5
FD A/C Update new FD
Period

INTEREST RATE
FD Amount FD A/C
Interest
Details Number
Rate
Details
FD A/C 4.6
4.7
4.8 FD A/C Update new FD Number Calculate FD
Receipt &Payment Number Payment
CUSTOMER Generate Payment
Amount Amount
Receipt Amount

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4.1
 Payment Processing FD A/C

5.1 5.2 FD A/C

5.3
Differentiate Details
CUSTOMER Payment Get FD A/C NO. Check
Payment FD
Details FD A/C NO. FD A/C NO.
Type Payment
Details Invalid FD A/C
OR FD Status
FD Loan Details Close Valid FD A/C
5.4
Number
5.8
Display
Get Loan Error 5.5
Number Message
LOAN Check
Loan maturity
Invalid
Number 5.6 duration
Duration
5.9 Display
Loan Not Matured
Details Valid Duration
Check Message
FD Loan NO.
Loan 5.14 5.7
Details
FD A/C Number FD A/C
Valid Loan Mark FD Check Repayment
5.11 Number Status Details
5.10 Close
Display
Loan Check Loan
Status not Pending
Payment Given Payment Receipt Details &
Status 5.13
Status 5.13 Cash Amount
Pending Get Amount Display
Invalid
Details Error
Amount Details Amount
5.12 Message CUSTOMER
Update
LOAN Loan Transaction Receipt
File
3/12/2013 SEBP 17
Master Data Maintenance

6.1 6.3
6.2
Master Data Accept Master Invalid Display Error
Master Data Validate Master
USER Details Data Details Details Data Message
Data Details

Valid

6.4

Update Master
Data

Interest Rate
Details

INTEREST RATE

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Query Processing

6.1 6.3
6.2
Request Accept Query Invalid Display Error
Accepted Validate Query
USER Query Details Query Details Data Message
Details

Valid

6.4
6.5
Output Of Selected Query Select File
Selected Show Query For Query
USER Query Result
Result or
Report Interest Rate
Details

Loan Transaction Details INTEREST RATE

Loan Details
LOAN Depositor FD Account Details
TRANSACTION Details
Depositor FD LOAN FD A/C

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Case Study 1
 ABC Hotels Pvt. Ltd. Wants to develop a
front-end office Management system having
following functions:
1. Enquiry and Advance Booking
2. Services Management

3. Check –Out and Billing Process

4. A/c. Receivables

5. Generating Reports

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 Context Level Diagram

Customer Details
BANK

Customer Details
0.0

Enquiry Details
ABC Hotels Office Hotel Details
CUSTOMER Management Bill Details CUSTOMER
system Ad. Booking Ack.Details
Booking Details

Receipt
Payment Details

Requested
USER query Reports USER

Master Data Answered Query

Details
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 First Level DFD for ABC Hotel Management system
1 Room Details
CUSTOMER Enquiry
Enquiry Service Details CUSTOMER
Processing
Enquiry Details
Service Booking Details
Details Room Details
ENQUIRY SERVICE MASTER ROOM MASTER BOOKING
2 Booking Ack. Details
Booking & Check in Details
Booking
Customer Details Processing

Booking Details Customer Details

Room Details

BOOKING ROOM MASTER CUSTOMER

3
Check out & Payment Details Receipt &Bill Details
Billing
Statements &Transaction Details Customer Details
BANK Processing BANK
Hotel Bank Account Details

Customer Payment
Details

Bill Details Service

Details Booking Details Customer Details
Room Details
Hotel Bank Account BILL SERVICE MASTER ROOM MASTER CUSTOMER
BOOKING

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 4
Master
Data
USER Master Data Details Maintenance

Room Details
Service
Details ROOM MASTER
SERVICE MASTER

5
Query Answered Query & Reports USER
Request Query Processing

Enquiry Details

ENQUIRY

Bill Details Service

Details Booking Details Customer Details
Room Details
Hotel Bank Account BILL SERVICE MASTER ROOM MASTER BOOKING CUSTOMER

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 Context Level Diagram for Credit card
system
SHOPKEEPER
Updated
Account
Statement Payment Details

Payment Details 0.0

Customer Details Credit Credit Card Details
CUSTOMER Card CUSTOMER
System
Proposal Details
Credit Card
Deposit Details

Withdrawal Details Rejection Letter

Monthly Statements
Renewal Details
Cancellation Details

Requested Query
USER Master Data Details Reports USER

3/12/2013 SEBP 24
 First Level Data Flow Diagram For Credit Card System
Credit Cash and purchase Limit Details
1
Customer Credit Card
Customer Details CUSTOMER
CUSTOMER Proposal Rejection Letter
Processing
Proposal Details
Accepted Proposal Customer Account
Customer Credit Card Details Proposal DetailsCustomer Details Details

CUSTOMER CC PROPOSAL CUSTOMER CUSTOMER ACCOUNT

CREDIT CARD
2
Deposit
Deposit Payment Details Processing Deposit Receipt

Customer
Customer Credit Deposit Details
Card Details Customer Details Account
Details
CUSTOMER CC CUSTOMER CUSTOMER ACCOUNT

3
Withdrawal Details Withdrawal Withdrawal Receipt
Processing
Customer Credit Customer
Card Details Withdrawal Details
Customer Details Account
Details
CUSTOMER CC CUSTOMER CUSTOMER ACCOUNT

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 4
CUSTOMER Credit Card Details Purchase Charge Slip CUSTOMER
Transaction
Purchase Details Processing
Customer
SHOP Account Credit Details
KEEPERS Details
Shop Keeper CUSTOMER ACCOUNT
Shop Keeper Account Account Debit Details
Details Details
Customer Credit SHOP KEEPER ACCOUNT
Card Details
CUSTOMER TRANSACTION
CUSTOMER CC
5
Credit Card Subsidiary Credit Card
Renewal Details
Renewal
Customer Credit Process
Card Details

CUSTOMER CC

6
Credit Card Credit Card Cancellation Acknowledgement
Credit Card Cancellation Details
Cancellation
Overdue Details
Customer Credit Process
Card Details Customer
Customer Credit Account
CUSTOMER CC Cancellation Card Details
Details
3/12/2013 SEBP CUSTOMER ACCOUNT 26
 7
Payment Payment Details
Transaction Details
CUSTOMER Processing CUSTOMER

Service charge details

Customer Customer Payment
Transaction Details Details

SERVICE CHARGES
CUSTOMER TRANSACTION CUSTOMER PAYMNET

8
Master
USER Master File Details File USER
Maintenance
Credit Card Details
Service Charges

SERVICE CHARGES CREDIT CARD MASTER

Reports

9
Request Query Answered Query
Query Processing
Customer
Customer Payment
Transaction Details
Details Service Charges
Credit Card Details
CUSTOMER PAYMNET SERVICE CHARGES Customer
CREDIT CARD MASTER CUSTOMER TRANSACTION
Account
Details Customer Credit Card Details
CUSTOMER ACCOUNT CUSTOMER CC
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 Context level diagram For
Loan Accounting System
INTEREST REGISTER
RBI MANAGER

Interest Details

Loan
CUSTOMER Enquiry Loan Details CUSTOMER
Loan Installments
Accounting
System Statements
Customer Details Payment Details

Reports

USER Answered Query USER

3/12/2013 SEBP 28
 Customer details AGENT
OFFICE BOY
Tickets

Railway
Reservation Reservation Ticket
CUSTOMER Details CUSTOMER
Agent
System Reservation Details
Customer Details

Ticket Payment

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 Context level Diagram
Material Issue Slip
STORES

Purchase
DEPARTMENT Material Requisition
Slip Processing

SUPPLIER

Purchase order

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Concepts of Object Oriented Modeling
through State Transition Diagrams

3/12/2013 SEBP 31