How To Read A Datasheet

HOW TO READ A DATASHEET
• What is a LED?
• What are the advantages of LED?
• Most important parameters of LED
– Luminous flux and luminous intensity
– Viewing angle
– Wavelength
• Exemplary explanation of datasheet for

Power Topled LY E675
• New LED type designation scheme
Stephan Kreusel
Osram Opto Semiconductors and our Distributors.......the winning team !
What is a LED?
A Light Emitting Diode

• is a semiconductor where
– the p region is dominated by positive
electric charges
– the n region is dominated by negative electric charges
• emits light when voltage is applied

– the electrons cross the junction into the p region
– the two charges „re-combine“ and electric potential energy is
converted into electromagnetic energy
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Production process of LED
Material and production process of the LED determine its color
SiC GaP GaAs

Substrate GalliumArsenit
SiliziumCarbid GalliumPhosphit
Process
e.g. MetalOxid
VaporPhaseE MOVPE MOVPE LPE VPE MOVPE LPE
pitaxie
GaN InGaN GaP GaAsP InGaAlP GaAlAs
Active Layers
430nm 450nm - 550nm 555nm - 573nm 587-630nm 560nm - 630nm 650 nm
High Brightness High Brightness

Result blue blue - green green yellow - s.red green - s.red hyperred
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Production process of LED
Material and production process of the LED determine its price
high priced
InGaN
GaN
InGaAIP
GaP
GaAIAs
standard
priced
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What are the advantages of LED?
small
dimensions
high long
shock resistance lifecycle
high no IR/UV-
color efficiency radiation
directional
radiation
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Most important parameters of LED
Luminous flux and luminous intensity
Luminous flux
– is the light emitted by a light source in all possible directions
without regard to the angle
– is measured in lumen (lm; mlm)
Luminous intensity
– is the light emitted by a light source in a given direction under
consideration of the included solid angle
– is measured in candela (cd; mcd) in case of visible LED
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Viewing angle
• Diode emits visible or invisible light in a certain

angle defined by the package, e.g. with or without
lens
• In general, radial led have a narrower viewing
angle than Topled due to design of the package
• Narrow viewing angle leads to high light intensity
which is used for infrared applications (e.g. remote
control) or visible applications (e.g. traffic lights)
• Wide viewing angle is mainly used for LCD
backlighting
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Wavelength
• Wavelength is measured in nanometer (nm), range of 380 - 780 nm is recognized by human eye
• Advantage of LED: monochromatic emitter
Peak wavelength
• wavelength with the highest emitted electromagnetic power
• especially important for the description of infrared components
Dominant wavelength
• is the wavelength considering human
eye sensitiviy
• defines the color we can see and is
calculated from the emitted light
spectrum
• details
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Exemplary explanation of datasheet
for Power Topled LY E675
• Datasheet
• Luminous intensity and luminous flux
• Forward voltage, forward current, reverse

voltage and power consumption
• Wavelength
• IR Reflow Soldering versus TTW Soldering
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Luminous intensity and luminous flux
• Luminous intensity depends on current and angle

• Current is stated here
• In general, the human eye cannot recognise changes in luminous intensity that are below
doubling
• The matching factor (minimum intensity/maximum intensity) is 1:1.6 for half-binning on one reel
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Forward current, reverse voltage, power consumption
Forward current (IF) Detailed info Surge current (IFM )
current applied in forward direction maximum permissible surge current for pulsed operation
maximum permissible current defined by pulse duration, duty factor and frequency
Maximum Ratings
Reverse voltage (VR) Power consumption (Ptot )

maximum voltage that can be applied in electrical energy used by LED
reverse direction without destroying the LED (net power and power loss)
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Forward voltage
Increase of forward voltage leads to higher current
higher current leads to higher luminous intensity
Maximal permissible forward current depends on

temperature (see diagram above)
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Forward voltage
Increase of forward voltage leads to
higher current
higher current leads to higher

luminous intensity
ND
A
Maximal permissible forward current
depends on temperature
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Forward voltage
For special applications, forward voltage grouping is necessary
• Therefore Osram offers voltage grouping

(see example below)
• Each reel contains only one forward voltage group
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Wavelength
• Dominant wavelength for visible LED Basic information

• Wavelength groups especially important for yellow LED display
because of sensitivity of the human eye in the yellow spectrum
• Application hint:
– In case of InGaN technology, varying current might lead to color changes
– How to avoid these color changes? See application note
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Wavelength
• Wavelength is measured in nanometer (nm), range of 380 - 780 nm is recognized by human eye
• Advantage of LED: monochromatic emitter
Peak wavelength
• wavelength with the highest emitted electromagnetic power
• especially important for the description of infrared components
Dominant wavelength
• is the wavelength considering human
eye sensitiviy
• defines the color we can see and is
calculated from the emitted light
spectrum
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Wavelength
• In case of yellow LED, range of wavelength groups is
3 nm
• Due to production variations, single sub-groups cannot
be guaranteed (Gaussian distribution of wavelength
groups)
• Consequently, your delivery chance increases with the
number of different wavelength groups you accept
• Group - 1 stands for the total color tolerance range, containing sub-
groups 2 to 6
• Each reel contains only one brightness selection and one
wavelength sub-group
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Wavelength
The angle where the luminous intensity has decreased to 50%
of the maximum is defined as viewing angle
Viewing angle is 2ϕ (here equivalent 120°)
This viewing angle means

in case of Topled that the
radiation curve hits the 50%
line at 60°
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Color coordinates instead of wavelength for white LED
Due to the composed spectrum of blue light (chip) and yellow light
(converter material) it is necessary to use calculated color coordinates x and y
W = White (GaN) (x=0.32/y=0.31)
W = White (InGaN) (x=0.32/y=0.31)
Farbdreieck
0,9
0,8
s
0,7
0,6
green
0,5 yellow
0,4
0,3
white red
0,2
blue
0,1
0
0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8
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Soldering Methods: IR Reflow or TTW Soldering
• IR Reflow Process
– Print of solder paste on PCB
– Placement of component
– Reflow (Melting) process in infrared oven
– Most common soldering method
Recommended
soldering profile
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Soldering Methods: IR Reflow or TTW Soldering
• TTW Soldering (Through The Wave) Process
– component must be glued onto PCB
– PCB moves upside down through solder wave
– due to high temperature, thermal stress for diode is enormous
Recommended
soldering profile
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New LED type designation scheme
• The features of the LED are described by the LED type

designation system
• Please refer to short form catalogue for an overview over
the types that we are offering
• Our new LED type designation

scheme will be introduced
1st of January 2002
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New LED type designation scheme
For detailed information about new designation system

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HOW TO READ A DATASHEET
N !!!!
TI O
A T TEN
OU R
F O RY
NK S
THA
Back to Starting Page
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Full Color Spectrum
Available in different brightnesses to best suit your applications
White W = White Yellow Y = Yellow 588 nm
Orange O = Orange 605 nm

B = GaN-Blue 466 nm
Blue
B = InGaN-Blue 470 nm
Amber A = Amber 615 nm
V = Verde-Green 505 nm S = Super-Red 632 nm

T = True Green 525 nm Red H = Hyper-Red 640 nm
Green
P = Pure Green 560 nm
G = Green 570 nm
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How To Read A Datasheet - English Version

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• Exemplary explanation of datasheet for

A Light Emitting Diode

• emits light when voltage is applied

Material and production process of the LED determine its color

SiC GaP GaAs

High Brightness High Brightness

Material and production process of the LED determine its price

• Diode emits visible or invisible light in a certain

• Luminous intensity and luminous flux

• Forward voltage, forward current, reverse

• IR Reflow Soldering versus TTW Soldering

Luminous intensity and luminous flux

• Luminous intensity depends on current and angle

Reverse voltage (VR) Power consumption (Ptot )

higher current leads to higher luminous intensity

Maximal permissible forward current depends on

higher current leads to higher

• Therefore Osram offers voltage grouping

• Dominant wavelength for visible LED Basic information

Viewing angle is 2ϕ (here equivalent 120°)

This viewing angle means

W = White (InGaN) (x=0.32/y=0.31)

• The features of the LED are described by the LED type

• Our new LED type designation

For detailed information about new designation system

Back to Starting Page

Available in different brightnesses to best suit your applications

White W = White Yellow Y = Yellow 588 nm

Orange O = Orange 605 nm

V = Verde-Green 505 nm S = Super-Red 632 nm

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