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Art Integrated Project

NAME – PRANAY PATHADE
CLASS – XII
SUBJECT – PHYSICS
BRANCH – XII
COLLEGE – ST. PAUL SENIOR SECONDARY
SC HOOL
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ClickYoung’s
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Master Slit
titleExperiment
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 Although Christiaan Huygens

thought that light w a s a wave,
I saa c Newton did not. Newton
felt that there were other
explanations for color, a n d for the
interference a n d diffraction
effects that were observable at
the time. O w i n g to Newton’s
tremendous stature, his
view generally prevailed. The fact
that Huygens’s principle worked
w as not considered evidence that
w as direct e no u g h to prove that
light is a wave. The a c c e p t a n c e  The original Young’s double-slit experiment
of the w a v e character of light used diffracted light from a single source
c a m e m a n y years later when, in passed into two more slits to b e used as
1801, the English physicist a n d coherent sources. Lasers are commonly
used as coherent sources in the modern-
physician Thomas You n g (1773– day experiments.
1829) did his now- classic double
slit experiment
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Click to editOf
Principle Master titleDouble
Young’s style Slit
Experiment
 In the basic version of this
experiment, a coherent light
source, such as a laser beam,
illuminates a plate pierced by two
parallel slits, a n d the light passing
through the slits is observed on a
screen behind the plate.[4][5] The
w a v e nature of light causes the
light w a v e s passing through the
two slits to interfere, producing
bright a n d dark b a n d s on the
screen – a result that would not b e
expected if light consisted of
classical particles.[4][6] However,
the light is always found to b e
absorbed at the screen at discrete
points, as individual particles (not
waves); the interference pattern
appears via the varying density of
these particle hits on the screen.
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 Approximations
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 Approximations in Young’s double slit experiment

 Approximation 1:D > > d: Since D > > d, the t wo light

rays are assumed to b e parallel, then the pat h
difference,
 Approximation 2: d/λ >> 1: Often, d is a fraction of a
millimetre a n d λ is a fraction of a micrometre for
visible light.

 Under these condit ions θ is small, thus w e c a n

use the approximation sin θ approx tan θ = γ/D.

 ∴ path difference, Δz = γ/D

 This is the pat h difference between two waves

meeting at a point on the screen. Du e to this path
difference in Young’s double slit experiment, some
points on the screen are bright a n d some points
are dark.

 Now, w e will discuss the position of these light,

dark fringes a n d fringe widt h.

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 Position
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• Position of Bright fringes

•  The bright fringe for n = 0 is known as the central
fringe. Higher order fringes are situated symmetrically
about the central fringe. The position of nth bright  Fringe Width
fringe is given by
 Distance between two adjacent
• Y (bright) = (n λ\ d)D (n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . . .)
bright (or dark) fringes is called
• Position of Dark fringes the fringe width.
•  The first minima are adjacent to the central  Bz(nλD)/d –(n−1)λD/d= λD/d
maximum o n either side. We will obtain the
position of dark fringe as
• Y(dark) = (2n−1)λD, n= (±1,±2,.....)

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 Shape
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fringes in YDSE

 From the given YDSE diagram, the path

difference from the two slits is given by, s2p-
s1p
= d sinθ
 The interference pattern we get on the
screen is a section of a hyperbola when
we revolve hyperbola about the axis s1s2.
 If the fringe will represent 1st minima, the
fringe will represent 1st maxima, it
represents central maxima.If the screen is
yz plane, fringes are hyperbolic with a
straight central section.

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 Interferometery
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 In youngs double slit experiment fringes

were obtained only under high intensity
light as well as only with a single
photon.
 Interferometer
 We also aligned the M a c h Zehnder
interferometer by removing the
two mirrors
 a n d two b e a m splitters. After that w e
p l a c e d them b a c k in the set up a n d
tried to align
 them in such a manner so that when
the two b e a m s are recombined at
the second
 beamsplitter they overlap
completely a n d create a n d
interference pattern both at close
and
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 Conclusion
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 In this lab w e used Young’s double slit experiment with attenuated

laser light to show that light b eha v es both as a particle a n d a
wave. We also used a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to study the
effects of which path information. We were able to observe the
disappearance of the fringes for angles of the polarizer at which
the which path information is present. We were also able to
calculate the fringe visibility by using the cross sections of different
images.