World Health Organization estimates that

about two million people die  prematurely

every year as a result of air pollution, while
many more suffer from breathing ailments,
heart disease, lung infections and even
cancer.
 SUBMMITED BY –
GHANENDRA SINGH RANA
ROLL NO. 582
 WHAT IS AIR POLLUTION?

Introduction of chemicals particulate matter,

or biological materials that

• cause harm or discomfort to living organisms,

• cause damage to the natural environment
I
MAIN SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

•Anthropogenic
•Natural
 ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES (HUMAN
ACTIVITY)
 
Stationary Sources
smoke stacks of power plants, manufacturing facilities (factories) and
waste incinerators, as well as furnaces and other types of fuel-burning
heating devices
Mobile Sources
 motor vehicles, marine vessels, aircraft and the effect of sound etc
Chemicals, dust and controlled burn practices in agriculture and
forestry management
Fumes from paint, hair spray, varnish, aerosol sprays and other solvents
Military, such as nuclear weapons, toxic gases, germ
warfare and rocketry
 NATURAL SOURCES

• Dust from natural sources, usually large areas of

land with little or no vegetation.
• Methane, emitted by the digestion of food
by animals, for example cattle.
• Smoke and carbon monoxide from wildfires
• Vegetation, in some regions, emits environmentally
significant amounts of VOCs on warmer days. These
VOCs react with primary anthropogenic pollutants—
specifically, NOx, SO2, and anthropogenic organic
carbon compounds—to produce a seasonal haze of
secondary pollutants.
• Volcanic activity, which produce sulfur, chlorine, and
ash particulates
WHAT ARE THE MAIN SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
IN INDIA?

Rapidly growing population

Increasing economic development

Industrialisation

Overexploitation of the country's resources

Heavy reliance on coal for power generation.

 SOME FACTS

• India's per capita carbon dioxide emissions were

roughly 3,000 pounds (1,360 kilograms) in 2007.
• India has been ranked as seventh most
environmentally hazardous country in the world by a
new ranking released recently.
 POLLUTION PRODUCING WORST :SMOG

• INDIA
 India: Smog hides deeper fear
 Smog cover over Delhi
 Pollution fears over Delhi smog
 Smog in Delhi Claims 5 Lives
 New Delhi battles heavy winter smog
• REST OF THE WORLD
 Heatwave, smog killed 700 in Moscow in 2010
WHAT IS SMOG?
• What is SMOG
 combination of smoke and fog
 chemical reaction of sunlight, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere, which leaves airborne particles
(called particulate matter) and ground-level ozone
 Most harmful particles are airborne particles and ground level ozone
 HEALTH EFFECTS OF SMOG

•  Ground-level ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon

monoxide are especially harmful for senior citizens, children, and people
with heart and lung conditions such as 
 Emphysema
 Bronchitis
 Asthma
• decrease the lungs' working capacity
• cause shortness of breath
• pain when inhaling deeply, wheezing, and coughing
• cause eye and nose irritation 
 HOW CAN AIR POLLUTION BE CONTROLLED?

Air Pollution Control Equipment According to

• To Reduce Particulate Matter
• To Reduce NOx (Nitrogen Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide)
• To Reduce Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
To Reduce Particulate Matter
• Wet Scrubbers
remove pollutants from furnace flue gas as well as other gas streams
Pollutants are removed by the polluted gas stream being forced through a scrubbing
liquid or by using some other method of bringing it into contact with the liquid
used in industries like large power plants, asphalt plants, steel plants, fertilizer
plants, and acid plants.
•Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)
It is a particulate collecting device which uses the force created by an induced
electrostatic charge to remove particulate matter from any flowing gas
highly efficient and very effective in removing fine particles like smoke and dust
from the air stream
used in various industries like oil refineries, pulp mills, and oil and coal fired
utilities that generate electricity which produce smoke. 
•Dust Cyclones
 It remove particulate matter from a gas or air stream, without
using filters
Mixtures of fluids and solids are separated by using gravity and
rotational effects
It is used in oil refineries and in the cement industry
To Reduce NOx (Nitrogen Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide)
• Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Used in diesel and gasoline engine
A part of the exhaust of an engine is recirculated back into its cylinders.
When the incoming air is intermixed with the recirculated exhaust gas, it
results in diluting the mixture with inert gas, reducing the adiabatic flame
temperature and also lowering the excessive oxygen in diesel engines
NOx is produced when a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen is subjected to
high temperatures.
• Catalytic Converter
is used to diminish the toxicity of emissions that are produced by internal
combustion engines
It is also use in trains, mining equipment, forklifts, generator sets, and other
machines equipped with engines.
To Reduce Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
• Gas Flare (flare stack)
 It is a chimney that is erected on oil rigs or oil wells, as well as landfills,
chemical plants, and refineries
 When flammable gas or unusable waste gas plus liquids are discharged by
pressure relief valves, this device is used to burn them off
• Biofilters
 It is a technique for pollution control which uses living matter to trap and
biologically degrade pollutants
, when it is applied in the filtration and purification of air, microorganisms,
such as fungi and bacteria that are embedded in a biofilm , are used to degrade
the air pollutant.
 APPEAL

Do not add to air pollution

 Do not use cars for shorter distances
 Try to use car pools for going to office
 Use public transport where ever possible
 Do not smoke
 SAVE electricity- reduce the burden of burning more coal
THANKS