Y




 

Prepared by : 1. Nor Bazil bin Md Nazri

2. Fadly Joe bin Raimin
3. Liew Ing Chang
 Background
„ Y
 

  November 17
,1896 ² June 11, 1934) was a Soviet
psychologist and the founder of cultural-
historical psychology.
„ mygotsky was born in 1896 in Orsha, in the
Russian Empire (today in Belarus).
„ He was influenced by his cousin David
mygodsky and tutored privately by Solomon
Ashpiz.
„ He graduated from Moscow State University
in 1917.
„ ºorked at the Institute of Psychology (mid-
1920s)and other educational, research and
clinical institutions in Moscow, Leningrad, and
Kharkov where he worked extensively on
ideas about cognitive development
„ He died in 1934 in Moscow of tuberculosis at
the age of 38.
„ His descendants: Gita L. mygodskaya, a retired
senior research associate at the Academy of
Education (daughter) and Elena Kravtsova,
(granddaughter), director of the Psychological
Institute of mygotsky, both in Moscow.
-heory of Constructivism
„ -his is the idea that was originated
Piaget·s Development -heory and
mygotsky ¶Zone of Proximal Development·
ZPD.
„ mygotsky is the advocate of social
constructivism and emphasized the
important role of the environment.
„ Pupil·s early understanding normally
comes from the support of educated
adults.
„ Knowledge can be formed through the
process of inter-influence between previous
learning an related new learning.
„ Emphasized on metacognitive development.
„ Metacognition is an important concept in
cognitive theory. It consists of two basic
processes occurring simultaneously:
°
 
   
 as you learn, and
° 



 
your strategies if
you perceive you are not doing so well.
„ It's about self-reflection, self-responsibility
and initiative, as well as goal setting and time
management.
Essence of mygotsky Social
Constructivism -heory
„ Children construct knowledge and acquire
skills through social interaction and
sociodramatic activities.
„ -he ZPD is considered as the key process of
construction of higher level and more
complex knowledge .
„ Language plays a major role in shaping
thought and construct skills and knowledge.
„ Education plays a central role, assisting pupils
to learn the tools of the culture.
Implications of mygotsky·s SC- on
-eaching and Learning
„ Use ZPD to assist pupil·s learning
„ -eaching should begin from the lower limit of the
ZPD ie student reach learning goals by help of
capables instructors and corporative learning.
„ ZPD: an assessment of learning potential
„ Pupils benefit support and guidance from better
pupils.
„ Encourage collaborative learning.
„ Guide pupils· learning based on the social
culture setting in which they live.
„ Encourage pupils to internalize and self
regulate private talk to solve problems.