READING & WRITING

VOCABULARY
VOCABULARY - UNIT 1
WORD FUNCTION MEANING EXAMPLE

Able to change or be changed easily Computer generated models are more

according to the situation. flexible to build than physical models.
Flexible Adjective

An occasion when two or more people or The play follows the interactions of
Interaction Noun things communicate with or react to each three very different characters.
other.

To pay someone money in exchange for Companies try to keep salaries low, and
Compensate Verb something that has been lost or damaged they compensate employees more with
or for some problem. bonuses.

A person with a high level of knowledge or There are musical savants that play the
Savants Noun skill, especially someone who is less able piano very well.
in other ways.
To guess or calculate the cost, size, value, We had estimated about 300 visitors,
Estimate Verb etc. of something. but the actual number was much higher.
VOCABULARY - UNIT 1
WORD FUNCTION MEANING EXAMPLE

One of the many benefits of foreign

Benefits Noun A helpful or good effect, or something travel is learning how to cope with the
intended to help. unexpected.

Something that is predictable happens in a The film has a boringly predictable

Predictable Adjective way or at a time that you know about ending.
before it happens.

I saw my sister's anxious face at the

Anxious Adjective Worried and nervous. window.

Image Noun A picture in your mind or an idea of how I have an image in my mind of how I
someone or something is. want the garden to be.

I remember how much I hated doing

Sum Noun An amount of money. sums when I was at school.
VOCABULARY - UNIT 2
WORD FUNCTION MEANING EXAMPLE

The act of leaving someone or something The Mayan civilization went into a
Noun or of ending or stopping something, decline that ended with the almost
Abandonment usually forever. complete abandonment of their cities.

Very small in amount or number; only as The food at my grandmother's house

Meager Adjective much or not as much as is needed or was meager and barely edible.
thought to be suitable.

Someone who is often very unhappy and is She was worn down by the misery and
Misery Noun always complaining about things. degradation of prison life.

To win against someone in a fight, war, or After their defeat in battle, the soldiers
Defeated Verb competition. surrendered.

Great mental suffering and unhappiness, The animals are tormented mercilessly
Tormented Noun or great physical pain. by flies and mosquitoes.
VOCABULARY - UNIT 2
WORD FUNCTION MEANING EXAMPLE

The hotel we stayed in was really

Adjective Old and in poor condition. dilapidated.
Dilapidated

The problem of poverty is particularly

Poverty Noun The condition of being extremely poor. acute in rural areas.

I find the hopelessness of the situation

Hopelessness Noun The feeling or state of being without hope. very depressing.

If something is described as a shame, it is It seems a shame to miss such a nice

Shame Noun disappointing or not satisfactory. occasion.

He told me he'd had an affair but he

Sordid Adjective Dirty and unpleasant. spared me the sordid details.
VOCABULARY - UNIT 3
WORD FUNCTION MEANING EXAMPLE

One part of a situation, problem, subject, The divorce affected every aspect of her
Aspects Noun etc. life.

The force or action of one object hitting The tax on fuel will not have a serious
Impact Noun another. impact on the better-off.

Someone or something that is reliable can A great deal of effort has gone into
Adjective be trusted or believed because he, she, or it making the software reliable.
Reliable works or behaves well in the way you
expect.
To completely change something so that it Newton’s discoveries revolutionized
Revolutionized Verb is much better. physics.

To publicly support or suggest an idea,

Advocate Verb development, or way of doing something. His doctor advocated early retirement.
VOCABULARY - UNIT 3
WORD FUNCTION MEANING EXAMPLE

The air, water, and land in or on which The radiation leak has had a disastrous
Noun people, animals, and plants live. effect on the environment.
Environment

To make a connection between two or The explosions are not thought to be

Linked Verb more people, things, or ideas. linked in any way.

Possible when the necessary conditions Many potential customers are waiting
Potential Adjective exist. for a fall in prices before buying.

An occasion when two or more people or The play follows the interactions of
Interaction Noun things communicate with or react to each three very different characters.
other.
A generally accepted opinion or decision We managed to get a consensus about
Consensus Noun among a group of people. not smoking in the office.