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Physiology of lactation
Changes during pregnancy
± Increased breast tissue
± Maturation of structure
Hormonal controls
± Prolactin: stimulates milk production
± Oxytocin: stimulates milk release
³let-down´ reflex
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Lactation
Nutrition for breastfeeding women
± Energy and protein
higher needs than pregnancy
± Vitamins and minerals
Most are higher or same as pregnancy
Iron and folate needs are lower
± Water
Food choices
Practices to avoid while breastfeeding
± Alcohol, drugs, smoking, excess caffeine
Lactation
Benefits of breastfeeding
± Benefits for infants
Optimal nutrition
Reduced incidence of respiratory, GI, ear infections
Convenience
Other benefits
± Benefits for mother
Convenience
Enhance recovery of uterus size
Other benefits
Contraindications to breastfeeding È
Benefits of Breastfeeding
babies moms
balance of nutrients contracts the uterus
with high bioavail. delays menstration
good hormones conserves iron
cognitive stores
development may protect against
less infections breast cancer
less diseases convenient
less food allergies bonding time with
baby
Lactation Nutrient Needs
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Water
± need plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration
± drink a glass of fluid at each meal and each
nursing session
Nutrient Supplements
± iron to replace stores
± often continue prenatal vitamins
Particular Foods
± foods with strong or spicy flavors may alter
flavor of breast milk
± some infants may be sensitive to particular
foods that mom eats V
uring Lactation on¶t:
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Lactation and Maternal Health
Illnesses
± colds: OK to breastfeed; TB/Hepatitis may
have to pump
HIV Infection and AIS
± should NOT breastfeed if there is an
alternative way of feeding;
iabetes: OK
Postpartum Amenorrhea: need birth control
Breast Health c
Lactation Questions
1. What is colostrum?
2. The ³let-down´ reflex is stimulated by _____ and
inhibited by _______
3. How many extra calories are recommended
during lactation?
4. Name benefits to the infant and mom from
breastfeeding
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