ë





 



 



Donald E. Myers
University of Arizona
http://www.u.arizona.edu/~donaldm

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 UTLINE
‡ IAMG
‡ PR LEMS/
ECTIVES
‡ WHAT WAS USED EFRE
‡ MATHERN, GANDIN and MATERN
‡ CMPUTING
‡ THER PEPLE
‡ WHERE IS IT GING?
‡ CNFERENCES
‡ SME S
 IAMG
‡ www.iamg.org
‡ Formed in Prague in 1968
‡ Earth science in broad sense
‡ Celebrated 25th anniversary in Prague
‡ Publishes three journals
‡ Annual conferences
‡ Five previous Distinguished Lecturers
 PR LEMS/
ECTIVES -I
‡ Given data for some characteristic at
multiple locations in space,
predict/estimate value at non-data location
± Local or global?
‡ Single value or probability distribution?
‡ Predict/estimate average over an area or
volume
‡ Provide some measure of uncertainty or
reliability
 PR LEMS/
ECTIVES -II
‡ Applications in
± Mining
± Hydrology
± Petroleum
‡ Yarus-Chambers Armchair overview.pdf
‡ Petroleum geostatistics.pdf
‡ Petroleum geostatistics Part 2.pdf
± Soil Science
± Ecology
± Epidemiology
 PR LEMS/ ECTIVES -III
± Environmental monitoring and assessment
± Agronomy
± Atmospheric Sciences
± Any discipline with spatial data
‡ Complications with spatial data
± ften expensive to collect and/or difficult
± Point data vs non-point data
± Hard data vs soft data
 GESTATISTICS -I
‡ Data, non-random sample from one
realization of a random function
± Model based, not design based
‡ Values at two close locations are more

 than for two locations far apart?
‡ Spatial correlation
± Variogram, covariance function
± Must be estimated/fitted
± Functions of distance & direction
± Variogram interpretation and modeling.pdf
 GEDSTATISTICS -II
‡ Incorporates information about proximity of
each data location to every other data
location
‡ Incorporates information about proximity of
each data location to estimation point
‡ Estimator is a weighted linear combination
of data values
‡ Weights do not directly depend on the
data values
WHAT WAS USED EFRE -I?
‡ Voronoi diagrams, Thiessen polygons,
(used by Descartes in 1600¶s but not
named until much later)
± Nearest neighbor, Polygonal method
‡ Strictly geometric
‡ Inverse Distance Weighting
‡ Weighted linear combination, weights
inversely proportional to distance from
data location to estimation point
WHAT WAS USED EFRE-II?
‡ Advantages/disadvantages Nearest Neighbor
± Does not incorporate characteristics of data
± Very dependent on the pattern of data locations
‡ Advantages/disadvantages Inverse Distance
Weighting
± Does not incorporate characteristics of data
± Does not incorporate pattern of data locations
± Very dependent on pattern of data locations
± Petroleum geostatistics vs deterministic methods.pdf
 WHAT WAS USED EFRE-III?
‡ Spline (1-D drafting tool)
‡ None of the above directly address
± Estimating spatial averages
± Provide measures of uncertainty
‡ None of the above generate alternative
scenarios, i.e., simulation
± Useful in planning
± Possible alternative to estimation/prediction
 ertil Matern
‡    

± 


± 

 






 



‡ 

  1960 (Swedish)
± Applications to forestry
± Importance of spatial dependence and
variation noted as early as 1947
± Published in English in 1986
 Lev Gandin
‡ 1921-1927
± orn in Lenningrad
± Musician, Chess player or Mathematician?
± USSR Main Geophysical Lab and Lenningrad
Hydrometeorological Institute 1943-1981
± bjective Analysis of Meteorological Fields
(1963)- (Russian)
‡ Translated into English 1965
± Lost position in 1981
± Nat. Centers for Envir. Prediction1987
‡ Lev Gandin, 1921-1997.pdf
 Georges Matheron - I
‡ 1930-2000
± Matheron obituary.pdf
‡ Traité de Géostatistique appliquée, tome 1
(1962), tome 2 (1963). Paris: Editions
Technip.
‡ Centre de Geostatistiques et Morphologie
Mathematiques, Ecole des Mines de Paris
(Fontainebleau)
 Georges Matheron -II
‡ r
  !
 




. Paris School of Mines
publication, (1971)
‡ r

  

 



. Adv Appl Prob 5: (1973)439-
68.
‡ " 

 |

.
.
Wiley. (1975)
 Georges Matheron - III
‡ Also did fundamental work on flows in
porous media
‡ Assembled group of students and
researchers
‡ Strong ties with mining industry, petroleum
industry
‡ Hydrology research group at
Fontainebleau
 Georges Matheron -IV
‡ Was acquainted with Matern and Gandin
and their work
‡ Influenced by work of D. rige (South
Africa)
‡ Mathematical Morphology group became
separate
 The ig Names
‡ Gandin was and is very well known in
climatology, perhaps less so outside of
that field
‡ Matern was and is well known in forestry
and later perhaps in statistics
‡ Matheron was not as well known in
statistics originally but ideas were spread
by his students and contacts in industry
 CMPUTING -I
‡ The works of Matheron, Gandin and
Matern all had their origins in earlier work
by olmogorov, Wiener, etc but!
± To actually use the ideas and results required
extensive computing, the timing was right
± Mainframe computers- late 1940¶s, early
1950¶s (Illiac, prototype for computer at
Aberdeen Proving Grounds, 1  random
access memory)
± http://www.cs.uiuc.edu/about/history.php
 CMPUTING -II
‡ VAX 11/780 1978(CERN)
± www.webmythology.com/VAXhistory.htm
‡ I M PC 1981
‡ inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa031599.htm
± 4.77 mhz, 16 k memory, no hard disk
‡ www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc/pc_1.html
‡ www.old-
computers.com/museum/computer.asp?c=274
 CMPUTING -III
‡ Geostatistics Software
± 1970¶s LUEPAC (Fontainebleau)
± 1988 GEEAS (EPA) for DS on PC
‡ Geostatistics tutorial using GeoEAS.pdf
± 1992 GSLI Fortran codes
± 1996 VARIWIN (Windows version of Vario
and PreVar)
± 1990¶s ISATIS (workstation software,
Fontainebleau, GeoVariances)
 CMPUTING -IV
± geostatistics add-on for ArcGIS
± Spatial Analyst in S-Plus
± 


, " packages in R
‡ verview gstat and geoR.pdf
‡ gstat tutorial.pdf
± Proc in SAS
± SGems
‡ www.ai-geostats.org/index.php?id=107
± More complete list including various
commercial software packages
 THER PEPLE -I
‡ Michel David
± bituary - 

 37 (2005)
449-450
‡ Michel David obituary.pdf
± Started program at the Ecole Polytechnique-
Montreal, brought over from France
± 




#"
 $


 (1977)
± Short courses and consulting
 THER PEPLE -II
‡ Andre
ournel
± rought over from Fontainebleau to start
program at Stanford (supported by Fluor)
±   





(1978) with Ch.
Huibregts
± |% (1992) with C.. Deutsch
± Short courses, consulting
± Links to industry
 THER PEPLE -III
‡
ohn Davis
± Formerly head of the Mathematical Geology
group at the ansas Geological Survey
± 




 
 

 
(1973)
± ne of founders of IAMG
± First IAMG Distinguished Lecturer
Daniel Merriam
± ne of the founders of IAMG
± Hosted Matheron on several occasions
 THER PEPLE -IV
‡ rige, Danie G. 1919-
± "A statistical approach to some basic mine valuation problems
on the Witwatersrand". - 

 
      

  52 (1951): 119-139.
± Tribute to rige.pdf
‡ Richard Webster
± Rothamstead Research Center (U)
± Four seminal articles about applications in soil science, 1979-
1980
± 





$  




(2001) with M. liver
‡ Noel Cressie
± Statistics for Spatial Data (1993)
‡ rian Ripley
± Spatial Statistics
‡ Contributor to R
 WHERE IS IT GING?
‡ Multivariate methods
‡ Simulation
‡ Space-time modeling
‡ Multi-point modeling
‡ New(er) applications
± Ecology
± Image Analysis
‡ Connections with other methods
 CNFERENCES -1

‡ Initially geostatistics had many of its own

conferences (with proceedings)
± NAT ASI, Rome 1975
± NAT ASI, Lake Tahoe 1983
± NAT ASI, Il Ciocco (Italy) 1987
± Avignon, Fr. 1988
± Troia , Portugal 1992
± Wollongong, Australia 1996
 CNFERENCES -II

± South Africa 2000

± anff, Canada 2004
± Santiago, Chile 2008
± Geostatistics for the Next Century Montreal 1993
‡ Geostatistics and the Environment conferences
(with proceedings)
± GEENV I 1996
± GEENV II Valencia 1998
 CNFERENCES -III

‡ GEENV III Avignon 1999

‡ GEENV IV arcelona 2002
‡ GEENV V 2005
‡ GEENV VI 2006 Rhodes, Greece
‡ GEENV VII 2008 Southhampton, U
 SME THER S -I
± |
 r 





, E. Issaks
and M. Srivastav
± 





&  
' 

,
ean-
Paul Chilès and Pierre Delfiner
± 





(
"

$ 
 , P.
Goovaerts
± Multivariate Geostatistics, H. Wackernagel
± 





 
, M Hohn
± %






, Peter
. Diggle and Paulo

ustiniano Ribeiro
 SME THER S -II
± 


   





|&
 

 

 


,
.
Yarus and R. Chambers, AAPG
± 


   





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, T.C.
Coburn, AAPG
± |

 

&

) , M. Stein
 IAMG

http://www.iamg.org