Chapter 3

Research
Methodology
This section addresses
the question, “how
does the researcher
answer the questions
stated in chapter 1”
overview
✗ METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF THE
STUDY
✗ POPULATION OF THE STUDY
✗ PROTOTYPE-MAKING PROCEDURE
✗ RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
✗ DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
✗ DATA PROCESSING AND STATISTICAL
TREATMENT
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 METHODS
1 AND
TECHNIQUES
OF THE STUDY
 Research Design
- describes the research mode (whether it is
qualitative or quantitative research, and the
specific type that the researchers will use e.g.,
descriptive, survey, historical, case,
experimental, correlational)

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your
quantitat
ive
research
design
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Quantitative research
designs
1. Descriptive Research
2. Correlational Research
3. Experimental Research

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 Non-Experimental Research Designs
Purpose/Objective
1. Descriptive – aims to gather more
information on certain characteristics
within a particular field of study.
2. Correlational – design is used to
investigate the direction and magnitude
of relationships among variables in a
particular population.
 2. Correlational Research
Direction:
• Positive Relationship IV DV

• Negative Relationship IV DV
 2. Correlational Research
Magnitude: Evans (2016)
Correlation Value Interpretation
0.00-0.19 Very Weak
0.20-0.39 Weak
0.40-0.59 Moderate
0.60-0.79 Strong
0.80-1.00 Very Strong
2 populati
on
Respondents of the Study
- This section describes the target
population and the sample frame.
- Composed of persons or objects that
possess some common
characteristics that are of interest to
the researcher.

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Respondents of the Study
Sampling Technique/Method

1. Random Sampling
2. Cluster Sampling
3. Stratified Random Sampling

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3 Prototype-
making
procedure
 Prototype-Making
procedure
- In this section, the proponents should
the procedure in making their
prototype in a detailed manner.

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4 Research
instrument
Measuring tool
1. Physiological Measures – technique
applied for physiological measures involves
the collection of physical data from the
subjects.
2. Questionnaire – it is a list of questions
about a particular topic.
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5
Data gathering
procedure
Data collection
- The researchers should explain the
collection of data that are necessary to
answer the problems stated in Chapter 1.
- This section should be discussed in detailed
manner from the beginning until the end
of data gathering procedure.
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 Data
5 processing and
statistical
treatment
 Statistical tools
1. Descriptive Research Design
• Descriptive Statistics – involves tabulating, depicting
and describing the collected data.

 Frequency distribution – the record of the number of

individuals or cases
 Percentage – proportion expressed in percentage
 Mean – equal to the sum of all scored divided by the
number of cases.
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 Statistical tools
2. Correlational Research Design
• Descriptive Statistics

• Inferential Statistics – it involves generalizations about

the population through a sample drawn from it.

 Pearson R Correlation – it is an index of relationship

between two interval/ratio variables.
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 Statistical tools
2. Correlational Research Design
• Inferential Statistics

 Spearman Rank Correlation – it is an index of

relationship between two ranked variables.

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 Statistical tools
3. Experimental/Quasi-Experimental Research
Design
• Descriptive Statistics

• Inferential Statistics – it involves generalizations about

the population through a sample drawn from it.

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 Statistical tools
3. Experimental/Quasi-Experimental Research
Design
Inferential Statistics
 T-test – used to compare two means.
 Independent t-test – used to compare the means of
two groups.
Dependent t-test – used to compare means before
and after the treatment.
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 Statistical tools
3. Experimental/Quasi-Experimental Research
Design
Inferential Statistics
 F-test – test used when the means to be compared is
more than two groups.
 One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

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Thanks
!
Any questions?

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