Social Science 2

NGEC 017-Society and Culture with Family Planning

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The Study of Sociology
and Anthropology

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Sub-Topics
• The Study of Sociology and Anthropology
• Relationship Between Sociology and Anthropology
• Relationship Between Sociology and Anthropology to
the other Social Sciences
• Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

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 Learning Objectives
At the end lesson, the midshipmen will be able
to:
1.Define the basic concepts of sociology and
anthropology;
2.State the relationship between Sociology and
Anthropology;
3.Discuss the relationship between Sociology and
Anthropology to the other Social Sciences;
4. Identify the people behind the emergence of
sociology and anthropology in science.
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The Study of Sociology and Anthropology
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnCJU6PaCio&t=159s
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What is Sociology?
Sociology- is a behavioral
science that deals with the
study of society. The origin,
evolution, characteristics and
functions, dimensions and
basic social institutions are
studied in sociology.
©Sociology and Anthropology with Family Planning
5 by
The Study of Sociology and Anthropology
What is Anthropology?
Anthropology- is a behavioral
science that deals with the
study of culture. The
components, characteristics,
functions, modes and
adaptation of culture as well as
cultural values and practices are
studied in anthropology.

*The two recent disciplines complement each other

as they
06 /belong
30 / 2020 to the field of humanities. Sociology and Anthropology with Family Planning 6
 Relationship Between Sociology and Anthropology

Common Areas of Concern:

1. Both disciplines are new behavioral
sciences in the social science curriculum.
2. Both disciplines are focused on social
behavior and social relationships, since
they attempt to understand the way of
life of various culture groups.
3. Sociology and Anthropology are
interdependent disciplines. The subject
matter of Sociology is society; that of
Anthropology is culture.
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 Relationship Between Sociology and Anthropology

Common Areas of Concern:

4. Both disciplines are interested on the
issues of gender, ethnicity, social class,
population growth, environment and
mass culture in the modern world.
5. Both disciplines synthesize and
generalize data about human behavior
and social systems. Both disciplines are
related to humanities.

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 Relationship Between Sociology and Anthropology

Slight Differences are noted:

1. Anthropology started with the study of
primitive or non-literature culture group.
Sociology started with the study of Western
societies after the Industrial Revolution and
later of contemporary societies.
2. Anthropology studies various societies in
different and geographical settings.
Sociologies studies Third World societies
that were once the domain of Anthropology.
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 Relationship Between Sociology and Anthropology

3. Data and information for sociology

researchers are collected through
samples survey, that of anthropology,
the researcher uses participant
observation and rarely or sampling
studies

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Relationship Between Sociology and Anthropology to the other Social
Sciences
1. History

-in the study of historical events,

sociologist and anthropologist seek
to show the interrelationships
between events and motivations
that brought such historical events.

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Relationship Between Sociology and Anthropology to the other Social
Sciences
2. Psychology

-in the study of perception, attitudes,

values, social behavior and personality
give rise to the field of Social Psychology
and Psychological Anthropology.
Personality, for instance, can be
influenced not only by heredity but also
by socio- cultural environment.

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Relationship Between Sociology and Anthropology to the other Social
Sciences
3. Economics

Anthropologist are concerned with

the relationship of economic
activities to society while
sociologist seek to show the effect
of socio-cultural activities to
society.

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Relationship Between Sociology and Anthropology to the other Social
Sciences
4. Political Science
Sociologist and anthropologist are
concerned on the political behavior of
man that focuses on the aspects of
government, political parties. Further,
sociology is interested in voting
behavior, political issues and decision-
making process. Anthropology seeks to
find the interrelationship of politics with
other social organizations.
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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

a. Famous Sociologists:

1. Heari Saint Simon- he

stressed that logic could
improve social life by mitigating
or eliminating social problems.

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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

a. Famous Sociologists:

2. Auguste Comte (1798-1857)- is

considered the Father of Sociology.
He believed that there are three
concerns for order: concerns in the
study of society, concerns for order,
concerns of continuity, and
concerns for change.

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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

a. Famous Sociologists:

3. Herbert Spencer (1820-

1903)- was an English liberal
philosopher. He premiered the
principle of survival of the
fittest as applied to human
societies.

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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

a. Famous Sociologists:

4. Emile Durkheim (1857-

1917)- A French Sociologist
who devoted his study to
understanding the stability of
society and the importance of
social participation for
individual happiness.
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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

a. Famous Sociologists:
5. Karl Marx (1818-1883)- the
originator of the Conflict
Theory of Economics
Determination, believed that
social institutions like family,
law, and socio-cultural patterns
are all developed and adapted
to the economic situation.
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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

a. Famous Sociologists:

6. Karl Mannheim (1843-1947)-

was a German Sociologist who
believed that changes in mental
attitudes could be understood
by the changes in social
situation.

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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

a. Famous Sociologists:

7. Max Weber (1864-1920)

- was a German sociologist
who stressed the interplay
between social and
economic factors.

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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

a. Famous Sociologists:

8. Vilfredo Pareto- He believed

that society is divided into two
major social stratifications: the
masses who are composed of
non- rational people and the
elite, or Aristocrat, the upper
social classes, who are the few
privileged people.
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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

a. Famous Sociologists:

9. Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)- an

Italian sociologist was famous on his
doctrine of hegemony. He states that
all men are intellectuals, but not all
men have in society the function of
intellectuals. He further stressed that
the relationship between dominant
and subjected social group be based on
willing and active consent.
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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

a. Famous Sociologists:

10. Lewis H. Morgan-

introduced three stages of
history of primitive men:
stage of savagery, stage of
barbarism, and stage of
civilization.
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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

a. Famous Sociologists:

11. Harriet Martineau (1802-1876)- was

a British woman journalist and
sociologists who had an affectionate
treatment of women and children. She
emphasized that women must develop
their potentials by participating at home
and act in life of the society which is
dominated by men.

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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists

a. Famous Sociologists:
12. Simone de Beauvoir- A
prominent woman social thinker
who rejected the concept of gender
differentiation. She stressed that
women should be given a
prominent place in society where
they can exercise their
potentialities as women leaders.
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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists
b. Famous Anthropologists:

1. Ruth Benedict- stressed the

uniqueness of each culture, that is
each culture must be understood in
its term, free from Western biases.
Anything which one cultural group
does is worthy of respect by
another group.

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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists
b. Famous Anthropologists:

2. Margaret Mead- stressed that

the early society is dominated by
cooperation and competition of
social classes. She further agreed
that war or aggression is a cultural
habit that, once learned, is passed
from generation.
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 Famous Sociologists and Anthropologists
b. Famous Anthropologists:

3. William Graham Summer- an

evolutionary theorist who studied
Darwin’s theory of natural
selection. Summer insisted that
person who are competitively less
fit have no moral right to subsist on
the already scarce resources of
society.
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 Summary
Sociology and anthropology involve the
systematic study of social life and culture in
order to understand the causes and
consequences of human action. Sociologists and
anthropologists study the structure and
processes of traditional cultures and modern,
industrial societies in both Western and non-
Western cultures. They examine how culture,
social structures (groups, organizations and
communities) and social institutions (family,
education, religion, etc.) affect human attitudes,
actions and life-chances.
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 Summary
Sociology and anthropology
combine scientific and
humanistic perspectives in the
study of society. Drawing upon
various theoretical perspectives,
sociologists and anthropologists
study areas such as culture,
socialization, deviance,
inequality, health and illness,
family patterns, social change
and race and ethnic relations.

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 Summary
Video Film Presentation:
1.Why Study Sociology and Anthropology?

Book Reference
1. Sociology and Anthropology with Family Planning
Dr. Mariano M. Ariola
Purely Books Trading & Publishing Corporation (pp.1-4)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=2aB5kSaE38A

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 Sociology and Anthropology
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