CHAPTER 2

AND
CHAPTER 3
Your best quote that reflects your
approach… “It’s one small step for
man, one giant leap for mankind.”

- NEIL ARMSTRONG
CHAPTER 2:Review of Related
Literature and study
Content:
Related Literature

Related Studies

Foreign

Local
 Review of Related Literature
•Literature Review

•Review of Literature

•RRL

An integrated analysis and synthesis of scholarly articles related to the topic or issues of your study.

The purpose of writing a literature review is to let our reader have a full understanding of your study.

It is also an important task that you need to accomplish as part of your research training.
Functions of RRL
Sharing with the readers the result of other study being explored.

Locating the study in the broader, ongoing dialogue in the literature about the research are being
studied
Filling in gaps and the extending prior studies.

Providing a framework for the establishing The importance of the study.

Serving as the benchmark for comparing the results of a study with other findings.
Purpose of RRL
What is already known in the area?

What concept or theories are relevant to this area?

What research methods and research strategies have been employed in studying this area?

Are there any significant controversies?

Are there any inconsistencies in findings relating to this area?

Are there any unanswered research question in this area?

Literature Review for Qualitative
Research
Must be consistent with methodological consumption.

Shaped by influence by use of theories in qualitative research

Can be placed in the introduction to study to “frame” the study or in separate section as “review
of related literature”
Conceptual Framework
Analytical tool with several variation and context.it can be applied in different categories of work
where an overall picture is needed.

It is use to make conceptual distinction and organized idea.

Represents the researcher synthesis of the literature on how to explain a phenomenon.it maps out the
action required in the course of the study,

Conceptual framework is the researcher’s understanding of how the particular variables in his study
connect.

Its identifies the variable’s required in the research investigation. It is the researcher’s “map” in
pursuing the investigation.
Chapter 3:Methods of Study and
Sources of Data
Content:

Research Design

The Respondents

Data Gathering Instrument

Data Gathering procedure

Qualitative Research Design
 Indicate whether you plan to do an ethnography (anthropology),or phenomenology (psychology), or
grounded theory (sociology), or case study (political science and other social sciences)

*case study- investigates an activity, an events, a process or one, or several individual in depth.

*ethnography- studies a cultural group in a common setting for prolonged period of time

*grounded theory- derives general abstract theory in an action, process and influence based on the
views of participant

*Narrative approaches-study the information that the participant tell about their lives and experiences.

*phenomenology- identify the essence of human experiences.

Research Design
Plan for collecting and analyzing evidence that will make it possible for the investigator to answer
whatever question he or she has posed.

It is the entire strategic plan of how to go about finding the answer to your research question/s.

Guidelines:

*Identify the research design

*look for citation or literary foundation

*make a connection or establish your connection

The Respondents
Guidelines:

*sampling method

*citation

*directly state the respondent

*description research local

Sampling Method
for Qualitative Research
Non-Probability Sampling Method
Sampling technique in which the researcher select samples based on the subjective judgement of the
researcher rather than random selection.
Not all members of the population have an equal chance on participating in the study unlike probability
sampling.

Types of Non-Probability Sampling

Judgemental or Purposive Sampling

Researcher’s select the samples based purely on the researcher’s knowledge and credibility.

Researcher’s choose only those people who they deem fit to participate in the research study.
Quota Sampling

Can be applied in both Qualitative and Quantitative research

Quota sampling helps dividing the population into a strata or groups.

Snowball Sampling

Helps researcher find a sample when they are difficult to locate.

Researcher’s use this technique when the sample size is small and not easily available
Data Gathering Instrument
Guidelines:

*Identify

State the tool you used

What are the materials needed

*citation and literary foundation

*connection or relation to your study

*tool for qualitative research: interview

Standardized and Localized

Data Gathering Procedure
Narrate the whole process how you did your research

Process that you did to defend your study.

END OF CHAPTER 3: