KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Presentation on
Belt and Rope Drive

Prepared By:
Himanshu Giri (22099)
Mechanical Engineering (Design and Manufacture)
 Contents
• Introduction
• Belt Drive
 Belt
 Types of Belt
 Types of flat Belt Drive
 Type of belt drive
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Materials for Belts
 Velocity ratio of Belt Drive
 Velocity ratio of Compound Belt Drive
 Slip of Belt
 Creep of Belt
 Introduction
• The belts or ropes are used to transmit power
from one shaft to another by means of pulleys
which might rotate at the same speed or at
different speeds.
• Power transmission is due to the friction
between them and pully. If power exceed the
friction force then the rope or belt slips over
the pulley.
 Belt Drive
• A Belt drive consists of two pulleys attached to each shaft and an endless
belt wrapped around them with some initial tension. Power is transmitted
from the driver pulley to the belt and from the belt to the driven pulley
with the help of friction.
 Belts
• A belt is a loop of flexible material used to
link two or more rotating shaft mechanically,
most often parallel.
• Belts is used as the source of motion, to
transmit power efficiently.
• Belt are looped over the pulleys.
 Types of Belts
Types of Belt

Round Belt V Belt Flat Belt Toothed Belt

 Continued…
• Round Belt
Round belts are generally made of rubber. This type of belts is
generally used for light loads, such as sewing machine or vacuum
cleaner.
 Continued…
• V Belt
V belts are the most used belts in the industries. It has v shaped
cross-section. The V shaped cross-section prevents belt from
slipping off.
 Continued…
• Flat Belt
Flat belts are used in less power transmission where pulleys are
not more than 8m of apart.
 Continued…
• Toothed Belt
Toothed belts are used for power transmission, as opposed to
friction. This configuration result in no slippage, and therefore,
the driving and driven shafts remain synchronizes also its more
expensive.
 Types of flat Belt Drive
• Open belt drive
In the open belt drive configuration, belts and shafts are arranged
parallel and rotating in the same direction.
Continued…
• Cross belt drive
In the cross belt drive configuration, belts and shafts are also
arranged parallel but are rotating in the opposite direction.
 Continued…
• Compound belt drive
In this types of drive, power is transmitted from one shaft to
another through a number of pulleys .
 Continued…
• Quarter Turn belt drive
The quarter turn belt drive (also known as right angle belt drive)
as shown in is used with shafts arranged at right angles and
rotating in one definite direction.
 Continued…
• Belt drive with idler pulley
Pulley is added in open belt drive to increase angle of contact
which in result increases the speed of driven shaft.
 Continued…
• Stepped or cone pulley drive
A stepped or cone pulley drive, as shown in figure, is used for
changing the number of rotation of the driven shaft while the
driving shaft runs at constant speed
 Types of Belt Drive
• Light Drive: Used to transmit small power at belt speeds up to
about 10m/s.(in agricultural machines and small machine tools)
• Medium Drive: Used to transmit medium power at belt speed
over 10m/s below 22m/s.(in machine tools)
• Heavy Drive: Used to transmit large powers at belt speeds
above 22m/s.(in compressors and generators)
 Advantage of Belt Drive
• Belt drives are simple and economical than rope.
• They are lubrication free.
• Required less maintenance cost.
• Noise and vibration are damped out.
• Efficiency is High (up to 98%, usually 95%).
 Disadvantage of Belt Drive
• Belts are easily damaged by oil, grease, some chemical and
heat.
• Speed is limited to usually 35 meters per second. Power
transmission is limited to 370KW.
• Operating temperature are usually restricted to -35 to 80 degree
Celsius.
• Belts cannot be repaired, must be replaced.
 Materials used for Belts
• Leather belts: made from overlapping of leathers.
• Cotton or fabric belts: Are cheaper and mostly used in cold
and wet places
• Rubber belt: made continuous rubber material and get
damaged easily when comes in contact of heat, oil, etc.
• Balata belts: same like rubber belts but balata gums are used
instead of rubber. More stronger than rubber belts.
• Plastic Belts: made of plastic sheets with rubber layers.
 Velocity ratio of Belt Drive
 It
is the ratio of the velocities between driver shaft to the driven shaft.
Let
d1 = Diameter of the driver,
d2 = Diameter of the follower,
N1 = Speed of the driver in r.p.m., and
N2 = Speed of the follower in r.p.m.
Now,
Length of the driver pulley rotating per min.(l ) = π ..
1

Similarly,
Length of the driven pulley rotating per min(l ) = π ..
2
 Continued…
 Then,

Velocity ratio,
For the thickness of belt (t),

So,
Velocity of driver(v1)= m/s
similarly,
Velocity of driven(v2)= m/s
 Velocity ratio of Compound Belt Drive
 •

Where,
N4=speed of pulley 4 in r.p.m
N1=speed of pulley 1 in r.p.m
d1=diameter of pulley 1
d2=diameter of pulley 2
d3=diameter of pulley 3
d4=diameter of pulley 4
Similarly, if 6 pulley configuration
 Slip of Belt
• Slip in the belt drive is a phenomenon of the relative motion between belt
and pulley.
• Due to insufficient grip of friction between pulley and belt, there are some
relative motion in between those two is present, this motion is called slip of
the belt. Ideally it should be a zero.
• In other words, when the belt gets mounted on slip arch of the pulley; At
that time due to inappropriate friction between two the pulley travels with
relatively greater velocity leaving the belt behind.
 Creep of Belt
• It is the permanent deformation in belt drive due to stress (tensile stress)
acting on it ,Due to running of belt over the pulley there is friction. Heat is
generated due to this there is deformation belt. So, creep is the deformation
due to heat generated.
 Rope Drive
• While transmitting power from one shaft to another when the distance
between wither shaft is excessive than we use rope drives.
• There are two types of rope drive:
1. Fibers rope- Made from fibrous material such as cotton, manila, linen etc.
when they are bent there is a sliding of fibers causes rope to wear. So, they
are lubricated with tar, graphite. Distance between two pulleys are 60m
apart.
2. Wire rope- made by twisting the thin metal steel for greater strength. wire
for transmitting power over a long distance(say up to 150m) then wire
ropes are used. Widely use in elevators, cranes, suspension bridges etc.
they get corrode
Thank you