NHÓM 1

QUAN HO CULTURE
 THE ORIGIN OF QUAN HO

• Some scholars believe that

quan họ had its root in Royal
Court music, and related to
the old tale of a mandarin one
time while stopping off at Kinh
Bắc had fallen in love with the
folk songs of the region. Other
viewpoint states that “quan
họ” did not come from Royal
Court music but from religious
rituals of Linga-Yoni culture.
• The two villages in
Bắc Ninh province -
Lũng Giang and
Tam Sơn were
regarded as the
birth places of
“quan họ”.
 Different kinds of Quan Họ

• 3 main types of Quan

Họ
• Hát Canh : singing at a
host’s house
• Hát Thờ : singing at
rituals
• Hát Hội : singing at
festivals
 Hát Canh

• Singing at a host’s
house has three phases
including giọng Lề lối
(standard tune), giọng
Vặt (variety tune) and
giọng Giã bạn (farewell
tune) types.
 Hát Thờ

• Happening in the
communal house of the
village before the
competition in order to
wish the community a
prosperous year.
 Hát Hội
• - For fun : happening in spring
and fall with the aim to welcome
the seasons, festivals and making
and learning from friends
• - For competing: in the village,
necessary for a reprentative
Quan ho group to hold the
award (fluent in traditional
songs, being able to compose
songs, professional in music and
poem)
 Some other different kinds:

• Hát cầu mưa: happening in dry season, performed by women

(who have kept themselves strictly austere) in 2 days 3 nights
(praying for rain) – La Rang 
• Hát giải hạn: praying for luck, both lien anh, lien chi, using La
Rang
• Hát mừng: celebrating good news: passing an exam, building
new house, giving birth a child…
• Hát kết chạ: between brotherhood and sisterhood
 Lien anh’s costume:

• 2layers: white under vests

and Black ao dai
• Áo dài: lotus leaf
embroidered, straight collar,
big edge, large fringe, over-
the-knee long.
• Quần dài: white, silk or satin
made, small belt included
• Khăn nhiễu(khăn xếp):
wooden shoes, Black
umbrella
 Lien chi’s costume:

• Áo mớ ba mớ bảy: 3 or 7
ao dai inserted
• Yếm (lotus pink), under vest
(white) ao dai( 5 parts-
brown)
• Small belt, soi dress, lua
dress
• Dép cong: buffaloskin made
• Mỏ quạ scaft and nón ba
tầm
QUAN HỌ’S CONSERVATION
• - Since 1954, local authorities are
interested in preserving and
promoting the heritage value of Bac
Ninh Folk Music.
• - From 1962 to 1966 : held 7
workshops about Folk Music.
• - In 1969 : established Bac Ninh Folk
Music Union
• - Ha Bac Province set up a cultural
center for collection of their research
to preserve them.
• - Bac Ninh province has planned the
Lim hills into the center of folk
festivals to performing folksong.
• - In 2003 : executed “The pilot project study to
build a list of typical folksong artists“
• - In 2004 : implemented the conservation projects
of Viem Xa folksong village.
• - In late 2006, organized a scientific seminar
"Conservation of Bac Ninh folksong”.
• - More than one hundred years, many works of
research and collection of Bac Ninh folksong have
been published.
• - In spring yearly, both Bac Ninh, Bac Giang
provinces held singing contests to discover new
voices.
• In 2009, Quan họ was recognized as the Intangible
Cultural Heritage by the UNESCO.