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OVER VIEW
 WHAT IS VOIP?

 VOIP ARCHITECTURE.

 HOW VOIP WORKS?

 ADVANTAGES

 DISADVANTAGES

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 WHAT IS VOIP?
 Voice Over Internet protocol (VoIP) is a protocol
used for the transmission of voice and fax phone calls
through the Internet or other packet switched
networks.

 It is also called IP TELEPHONY, INTERNET TELEPHONY

VOICE OVER BROAD BAND, BROAD BAND
TELEPHONY

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VOIP ARCHITECTURE
HOW VOIP WORKS?
 Part1-General procedure.

 Part2-Protocols used.

 Part3-Encoding.

 Part4-Quality.
PART 1:GENERAL PROCEDURE
 Connection to the LAN.

 Knowing the IP address of the two communication parties.

 Setting up the call.

PART 2:PROTOCOLS
It uses H.323 protocol specification.

What is H.323 protocol?

 H.323 is a recommendation from the ITU

telecommunication standardization sector.
 It is a system specification that describes the use of
several protocols.
H.323 NETWORK ELEMENTS
 Terminals.

 Multipoint control units.

 Gateways.

 Gate keepers.

 Border and peer elements.

H.323 PROTOCOL STACK
 SOME PROTOCOLS IN H.323
 H.225.0 Registration , Admission and Status(RAS).

 H.225.0 call signaling.

 H.245 control protocol.

 Real –Time Transport Protocol(RTP).

H.323 CALL SEQUENCE
INTERNAL PROCESS OF CALL
FLOW
KEY RAS MESSAGES
Category   Messages

Gateway discovery Gatekeeper Request

Gatekeeper Confirm
Gatekeeper Reject

Registration Registration Request

Registration confirm
Registration Reject
Unregister Request
Unregister Confirm
Unregister Reject
Endpoint Location Location Request
Location Confirm
Location Reject
 Category Messages

Admissions Admission Request

Admission Confirm
Admission Reject

Status Information Information Request

Information Request Response
Status Enquiry

Band Width Control Band Width Request

Band Width Response
Band Width Reject
RAS SIGNALING
H.225 CALL SIGNALING
 Setup and Setup
acknowledge
 Call Proceeding
 Connect
 Alerting
 Information
 Release Complete
 Facility
 Progress
 Status and Status Inquiry
 Notify
H.245 CALL CONTROL
 Capability negotiation.

 Master/slave
determination.

 Logical channel
signalling.

 Fast connect.
RTP
 Standardized packet
format.
 Protocol components.
 Sessions.
 Profiles and payload
formats.
 RTP header format.
Part3:ENCODING
 During the call setup portion of H.323 the phones have to
decide which speech encoder/decoder to use when they
send the speech to the other phone, both have phones
that support G.723.1, G.711 and G729.

 G.711 codec samples the audio at 64,000 times a second.

Part 4: HEAR THE QUALITY
 G.723.1 encoders from different manufacturers may vary in
quality.

 5% packet loss evenly distributed is bearable as it does not

incur any word loss.
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Single network infrastructure.

VoIP uses "soft" switching The Internet is not the best medium
for real time communications.
Simple upgrade path
Solutions which aim to negate the
Bandwidth efficiency. degradation suffered due to transit
delays.
Only one physical network is required
to deal with both voice/fax and data
traffic instead of two physical networks.

lower physical equipment cost .

Lower maintenance costs.

CONCLUSION
 Data revolution will gain momentum.

 Vendors of voice equipment will continue to develop

integrated voice and data devices based on packetized
technology.