Compounds and Chemical

Bonds
Classification and Properties of Matter

John Michael R. Lico, RCh

Faculty, San Pedro College
Chem 101 Inorganic and Organic Chemistry

09565633285/09177707457
jmrllicorch15@gmail.com
 Objectives
• Classify matter
• Identify properties of matter and
differentiate it between physical and
chemical properties
• Describe how atoms lose or gain electrons
• Describe how some atoms combine to form
molecules
• Name different types of binary and
polyatomic compounds
What is the Matter is the peyk!

Matter – is anything that occupies space and has

mass.

We classify matter based on:

• States (Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma, Bose-
Einstein Condensate)
• Properties (Physical or Chemical)
• Composition ( pure substance or mixtures)
 States of Matter
1. Solid
• Particles are tightly packed
• Fixed or definite volume and shape
• Hard/soft, rigid/flexible

2. Liquid
• Particles are close together but disorganized
• Varying shapes/no fixed shapes
• Fixed Volume

3. Gas
• Particles are scattered and far apart
• NO fixed/indefinite shape
• NO fixed/indefinite volume
States of Matter
Changes of States
 Properties of Matter
• Physical Properties
are those that we can determine without
changing the identity of the substance we
are studying.
E.g. mass, volume, melting point, boiling
point, density,

• Chemical Properties
are describe the way a substance can
change or react to form other substances.
E.g. Flammability, corrosiveness
 Practical Test 1:
Classify these properties if Physical or Chemical:
• Luster
• Length
• Flexibility
• Malleability
• Hardness
• Ductility
• Rusting
• Precipitation
• Burning a candle
• Burning a paper
• Fireworks
• Water to ice
• Water + dishwashing liquid
Composition of Matter
 Practical Test 2:
Classify the following matters whether Pure
Substance or Mixture. And indicate if the matter is
Hetero, Homo, Elem, or Cpd.
• Gold, Au
• Soda
• Sucrose solution
• NaCl solution
• Alcohol, 70%
• Water
• NaCl
• Sucrose
• Milk tea
• Rocky road ice cream
• Mercury, Hg
• Muddy Water
Chemical Bonds
TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS

Interatomic:
Ionic Bonding
Covalent Bonding
Metallic Bonding

Intermolecule:
Vander waals Forces (5 types)
Hydrogen Bonds
 Chemical Bonds
Key Points:

Metals bond to Nonmetals “IONICALLY”

Nonmetals bond to Nonmetals “COVALENTLY”
Metals bond to themselves “METALICALLY”

OCTET RULE: ALL ATOM WANTS IS A FULL SET OF “8”

VALENCE ELECTRONS TO BE STABLE! To be like the Noble
Gas Elements? But how?

Valence electrons are the outermost energy level

electrons in an atom. And these electrons are the ones
involve in the chemical bonding
 Ionic Compounds and
Bonding
• Ionic bonding occurs between METAL
and NONMETAL to form Ionic Crystal
• Electrons are “transferred” from the
metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms
• The driving force behind the formation
of ionic bonds is because they end up
getting electrical charges. Cations (+
ion) give up/donate their electrons and
anions accept electrons
 Ionic Bond Formation
• Check your Bohr models to see how
many electrons an element will
want to lose or gain.

Example: The formation of ionic crystal,

called table salt (NaCl)
Ionic Bond Formation
 Seat Work

Draw what happens when Calcium reacts

with Chloride form calcium chloride
 Covalent Bonding and
Molecules

• Covalent bonding occurs between

NONMETAL and NONMETAL or NONMETAL
and METALLOID to form a “molecule”
• Electrons are not transferred, instead they
are “shared” by both Nonmetal atoms
• In a covalent bond, two or more nonmetal
atoms share electrons and form a unit, or
“molecule
Covalent Bonding and
Molecules
Sample Practice
Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent,
polar covalent, or ionic based on
electronegativity values:

(a) O-H
(b) N-H
(c) Na-F
(d) C-Mg
(e) C-S
 Covalent Bond Formation

Single Bond

Double Bond

Triple Bond

But how are these bonds form? Or how

covalent bond works?
Seat Work/Practice Exercise

Draw the covalent bonds formed in the

following molecules:

1. H2O
2. CCl4
3. NF3
 Naming Ionic Compounds: BINARY COMPOUNDS

1. Always name the cation (positively charged

ion) first, the anion (negatively charged ion)
second
2. Use the name of the cation without any
alterations.
3. Use the root and “-ide” to the end for
anions
4. For the transition metals, use brackets and
Roman Numerals after the name to denote its
charge
Crisscross method
Practice Problem
• Name the ff. binary compounds:
1. NaF
2. KBr
3. ZnI2
4. Al2O3
5. BaCl2
6. K2O
• Write the chemical formula for the ff compounds:
1. Silver Bromide
2. Aluminum Chloride
3. Sodium Sulfide
4. Magnesium Hydride
Elements form Cations with
different charges
Naming Ionic Compounds:
TERNARY/POLYATOMIC
Polyatomic Compounds are ionic compounds that consist
of three or more elements.

The metal cation is named first, followed by the name

of the polyatomic anion.

Example:
Mg(OH)2 - ?
KCN -?
Li2CO3 -?
KNO3 -?
Na2SO4 - ?
Practice Problem
• Name the ff. polyatomic ionic compounds:
1. CuNO3
2. Mg(CN)2
3. Fe2(CO3)3
4. AgClO3
• Write the chemical formula for the polyatomic ionic
compounds:
1. Lithium Sulfite
2. Zinc Sulfate
3. Calcium Phosphate
Naming Covalent Compounds:
To name a covalent compound or molecular compound, name
first the first nonmetal. The second non-metal is named by
changing its suffix with –ide.
* One exception of using these prefixes is that the first element
in the formula never uses the word “mono”.

Prefixes for naming Covalent Compounds:

Practice Problem
• Name the ff. covalent/molecular compounds:
1. NO 6.CCl4
2. NO2 7. NBr3
3. N2O2 8. As2O5
4. N2O4
5. N2O5
• Write the chemical formula for the covalent/molecular
compounds:
1. Carbon disulfide
2. Disilicon hexabromide
3. Sulfur tetrafluoride
4. Dinitrogen Pentoxide