https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=gNKlxcqLKcM
 Berlin, 1936 Olympics
 Selected in 1931 over
Barcelona
 Heinrich Bruning was
Germany's Chancellor.
 Hitler was elected on
January 24, 1933.
However the Nazis did not
favour the Games. Nazi
ideology opposed the
staging of an
“international” event in
which Jews, Blacks and
Asians were allowed to
participate.
 Control of Olympics
 Hitler initially held the
Olympics in low regard
because of their
internationalism, but he
became an avid supporter
after Joseph Goebbels, his
Minister of Propaganda,
convinced him of their
propaganda value. The
regime provided full
financial support for the
event, 20,000,000
Reichsmarks ($8,000,000).

 Theodor Lewald & Carl

Diem, IOC members & key
figures in the German
Dr. Carl Diem (front, far right) and
Olympic movement, lobbied
hard to bring the Games to Dr. Theodor Lewald (front, center)
Berlin.
 Germany 1933-1936
 30 January 1933 Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany.
 28 February 1933 Suspension of freedoms of speech, assembly,
press, and other basic rights.
 20 March 1933 First concentration camp opens at Dachau.
 1 April 1933 Nazi-organized boycott of Jewish-owned businesses.
 7 April 1933 Jews excluded from government employment,
including teaching jobs at all levels.
 14 July 1933 New law provides basis for forced sterilization of
handicapped persons, Gypsies, and Blacks.
 October 1934 First major wave of arrests of homosexuals
throughout Germany.
 16 March 1935 Military conscription introduced. –everyone of
age have to go to army- mandatory conscription to go to army
 Germany 1933-1936
 April 1935 Many Jehovah's
Witnesses arrested
throughout Germany.
 15 September 1935 Anti-
Jewish racial and citizenship
laws issued at Nuremberg.
 6 February 1936 Winter
Olympics open at Garmisch-
Partenkirchen.
 7 March 1936 German
troops march unopposed
into the Rhineland.
 16 July 1936 Some 800
Gypsies interned near
Berlin.
 1 August 1936 Summer
Olympics begin in Berlin.

A Nazi party rally at Nuremberg. September 19, 1934

 Police State
 One of the first steps in
the creation of the Nazi
police state was the
elimination of dissent.
Opponents of Hitler's
regime, including
liberals, socialists,
communists, trade
unionists, and
intellectual dissidents,
were imprisoned in
concentration camps.
The first camp (March
1933) was at Dachau, a
small town near Munich.

A roundup of political opponents of the Nazi regime. 1933 .

 Aryan Racial Superiority
 German sports imagery in the
1930s promoted the myth of
Aryan racial superiority and
physical power. Artists
idealized athletes' well-
developed muscle tone and
heroic strength and accentuated
so-called Aryan facial features
-- blue eyes and blond hair.
Such imagery also reflected the
importance the Nazi regime
placed on physical fitness.

The September 1936 issue of the Nazi anthropological and genetics

journal links race, physical strength, and Olympic competition.
 Boycott to the Olympics?
 For two weeks in August
1936, Adolf Hitler's Nazi
dictatorship camouflaged its
racist, militaristic character
while hosting the Summer
Olympics. Soft-pedaling its
anti-Semitic agenda and
plans for territorial
expansion, the regime
exploited the Games to
bedazzle many foreign
spectators and journalists
with an image of a peaceful,
tolerant Germany.
 Boycott to Berlin Games
 Many American newspaper
editors and anti-Nazi
groups, led by Jeremiah
Mahoney, president of the
Amateur Athletic Union,
J. Mahoney
were unwilling to be duped
by Nazi Germany's hollow
pledges and lies regarding
German Jewish athletes.
But a determined Avery
Brundage maneuvered the
Amateur Athletic Union to a
close vote in favor of
sending an American team A. Brundage
to Berlin, and, in the end,
Mahoney's boycott effort
failed.
 African American response
 "The AAU shouts
against the
cruelties of the
other nations and
the brutalities in
foreign climates,
but conveniently
forgets the things
that sit on its own
doorstep." The
Philadelphia Tribune,
December 19, 1935
Jesse Owens, and Ralph Metcalfe
 Boycott: a missed opportunity
 Having rejected a proposed
boycott of the 1936 Olympics,
the United States and other
western democracies missed
the opportunity to take a stand
that--some observers at the
time claimed--might have given
Hitler pause and bolstered
international resistance to Nazi
tyranny. With the conclusion of
the Games, Germany's
expansionist policies and the
persecution of Jews and other
"enemies of the state"
accelerated, culminating in
World War II and the Holocaust.
Boycotts around the world
 Alternative; Barcelona
Barcelona as an
alternative to the
Berlin games

Franco and Hitler

Picasso’s Guernica
 Popular Olympics in Barcelona
 The program is for
the "People's
Olympiad" in
Barcelona, canceled
when fighting broke
out in Spain. The
Spanish Republican
forces were opposed
by the fascist army
of Francisco Franco,
who received active
military support from
Hitler and Mussolini.
 Canadian Boycott
 Sammy Luftspring, a
Jewish top-ranked
lightweight boxer in
Canada, decided not
to compete in the
Olympic trials.
Norman "Babe"
Yack, another
promising Jewish
Canadian boxer, also
opposed the Games.
 Who went to Berlin
 Forty-nine athletic teams from around the world competed in
the Berlin Olympics. Germany had the largest team at the
Berlin Games with 348 athletes. The Soviet Union did not
participate in the Berlin Games or any Olympiad until the
1952 Helsinki Games.

Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda,

Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
India, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta,
Mexico, Monaco, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway,
Peru, The Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, South
Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United States, Uruguay,
and Yugoslavia.
 Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling
USA vs. Germany
 Professional boxing was
among the few “integrated”
sports in the United States,
and prize fighter Joe Louis
was a hero to American
Blacks. On June 19, 1936,
the undefeated Louis was
knocked out by Germany's
Max Schmeling. In 1938 Joe
responded by knocking Max
in the first round.

 https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=lihT_ewxVko
 https://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=2LNzWHuygpw
Schmeling and Hitler celebrating
 Hitler’s torch
 A map displays the
route of the torch
relay from the site of
the ancient Olympics
in Olympia, Greece,
to Berlin. The 1936
Olympics were the
first to employ the
torch run. 1936.
 Leni Riefenstahl!
 Favored filmmaker Leni
Riefenstahl was
commissioned by the Nazi
regime to produce a film of
the 1936 Summer Games.
The propaganda
documentary Olympia won
first prize at the Venice Film
Festival in 1938. Her earlier
propaganda film, Triumph
of the Will, documented the
1934 Nazi Party Congress in
Nuremberg; it also won an
award at Venice. August
1936.
 Leni died!
Leni Riefenstahl died
on September 9, 2003
at the age of 101

Here in a picture with

Hitler and Goebbels
 Love Garden - Olympic Babies!
 "The barracks and the rest of the
Olympic village, housed 3,738 male
athletes from forty-nine nations. No
living quarters were provided for the
328 female athletes. A "love garden"
located in the woods near the village
housed the prettiest “frauleins” who
offered themselves to the athletes.
The girl would request her partner's
Olympic badge number. In case of
pregnancy, she was to give this
information to prove the Olympic
origin of her baby, who would then
be cared for by the state."

Karek van Manden (1548-1606) - Garden of Love

 The Reich Press Chamber
under Joseph Goebbels's
Helene Mayer
Ministry of Propaganda
exerted strict censorship
over the German press,
radio, film, and publishing.
The Chamber issued
numerous directives
regarding coverage of the
Olympic Games, limiting the
scope and content of
reporting by German
journalists.
 "No comments should be made
regarding Helene Mayer's non-
Aryan ancestry or her
expectations for a gold medal at
the Olympics." February 19, 1936
 https://www.youtube.com/
Helene Mayer
watch?v=tVnTM8duJ7c
 Rudi Ball
 The top German hockey player
in the 1930’s was Rudi Ball.
Captain and top scorer for the
team, he was left out of the
team because he was a Jew.
Hitler and his associates would
give in to pressure from the
IOC as well as some players in
the team, and accept him back
in the team. His family was
allowed to safely leave for
South Africa.
 Jesse Owens & Luz Long
 Jesse Owens won 4 gold
medals
 Immediately after the
Games, Owens hoped to
capitalize on his fame and
quit the AAU's European
tour of post-Olympic meets;
for this action, the AAU
suspended him from amateur
competition. August 4, 1936
 Race:
https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=eZ2eFxVlMXQ
 Controversy
 Within the USA team, it was
controversy when the day of
the 4x100 race, the only two
Jewish athletes in the USA
track team (Marty Glickman
and Sam Stoller) were told
“you are not running today.”

 https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=14HeJUQb6xQ
 Dora Ratjen
 “Heinrich Ratjen (20
November 1918 – 22 April
2008), born Dora Ratjen, was
a German athlete who competed
for Germany in the women's
high jump at the 1936 Summer
Olympics at Berlin, finishing
fourth, but was later discovered
to be male. In some news
reports, he was erroneously
referred to as Hermann Ratjen
and Horst Ratjen.”
 Final Numbers
COUNTRY GOLD SILVER BRONZE POINTS
Germany 33 26 30 181
USA 24 20 12 124
Italy 8 9 5 47
France 7 6 6 39
Japan 6 4 8 34
England 4 7 3 29
Olympics in Germany “forever”
 In 1937, Hitler inspected
architect Albert Speer's
design for a stadium at
Nuremberg that would
host the Olympics for all
time. Speer's model for a
colossal, 400,000-seat
stadium satisfied the
Fuhrer's infatuation with
monumental forms as a
means of projecting
German supremacy.