Malaysian Junior

Scientist Project
 International Water Day
22nd March 2009
In conjunction with Schlumberger
Excellence in Educational
Development (SEED)
1.Introduction of Malaysia
 Area: 331,800 sq.km. (Peninsular Malaysia 131,235 sq.km; Sabah 76,115 sq.km;
Sarawak
124,450 sq.km).
Population: 13,745,200 (1980). Peninsular Malaysia 11,426,600; Sabah 1,011,000;
Sarawak
1,307,600.
The Federation of Malaysia is geographically split into West Malaysia (Peninsular
Malaysia)
and East Malaysia (the States of Sabah and Sarawak in northern Borneo).
Peninsular Malaysia
Peninsular Malaysia is located at the southern end of the Malay Peninsula, extending
from
latitude l°20'N to 6°40'N and from longtitude 99°35'E to 104°20'E. To the east it is
bounded
by the South China Sea; to the west by the Straits of Melaka. It shares a common
boundary
with Thailand in the north and is separated from the island of Singapore in the south by
the
narrow Straits of Johor. The Peninsula's greatest length is 736 km, with a maximum
width of
322 km. Its coastline extends some 1,930 km.
2. Introduction of SEED
• SEED’s curriculum and its volunteers
together scientist, teacher, and student for
intensive hands-on workshops on global
themes that include water, climate
change, and energy, SEED gives young
people a tangible opportunity to
participate in the economic and social
advantages afforded by access to new
knowledge and technologies.
 3. Title of 2009 (Shared
Water – Shared
Opportunities)
• A chemist's view of the world is not as narrow as one might
think! Yes, we start with the atom, and then go on to the rules
governing the kinds of structural units that can be made from
them. We are taught early on to predict the properties of bulk
matter from these geometric arrangements.
• And then we come to H2O, and are shocked to find that many
of these predictions are way off, and that water (and by
implication, life itself) should not even exist on our planet! But
we soon learn that this tiny combination of three nuclei and ten
electrons possesses special properties that make it unique
among the more than 15 million chemical species we presently
know. When we stop to ponder the consequences of this,
chemistry moves from being an arcane science to a voyage of
wonder and pleasure as we learn to relate the microscopic world
of the atom to the greater world in which we all live.
4.Uses of Malaysian water sources
(rivers)
 Water resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to humans. humans. Uses of water
include agricultural, industrial, household, recreational and environmental activities. Virtually all of these
human uses require fresh water.
water.
 97.5% of water on the Earth is salt water, leaving only 1.5% as fresh water of which over two thirds is
frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps.
caps. The remaining unfrozen freshwater is mainly found as groundwater,
with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air. [1]
 Fresh water is a renewable resource,
resource, yet the world's supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing.
Water demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world and as the world population continues
to rise, so too does the water demand. Awareness of the global importance of preserving water for
ecosystem services has only recently emerged as, during the 20th century, more than half the world’s
wetlands have been lost along with their valuable environmental services. Biodiversity-rich
Biodiversity-rich freshwater
ecosystems are currently declining faster than marine or land ecosystems.[2] The framework for
allocating water resources to water users (where such a framework exists) is known as water rightsWater
resources are sources of water that are useful or potentially useful to humans. Uses of water include agricultural,
industrial,
industrial, household,
household, recreational and environmental activities. Virtually all of these human uses require
fresh water.
water.
 97.5% of water on the Earth is salt water, leaving only 1.5% as fresh water of which over two thirds is frozen in
glaciers and polar ice caps. The remaining unfrozen freshwater is mainly found as groundwater, with only a small
fraction present above ground or in the air.[1]
air.[1]
 Fresh water is a renewable resource,
resource, yet the world's supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing. Water
demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world and as the world population continues to rise, so too
does the water demand. Awareness of the global importance of preserving water for ecosystem services has only
recently emerged as, during the 20th century, more than half the world’s wetlands have been lost along with their
valuable environmental services.
 POEM OF WATER
Water is the key to survive
The treasured sea of pure life

We bath and we use water

Or risk emitting a nasty odour
Like one emerging from the gutter

When we are thirsty, we drink water

Otherwise sooner commit the do-it-yourself murder

While we cook, we introduce and include water

Whether we use temperatures that are colder or hotter

Everywhere you can see its presence

Glittering with an air of essence

When I am sad, I cry water

When it rains, it pours water
When I clean, I employ water
When I play, I apply water
When I am sick, I pee water
And I look at the sea and see water
Put together all men, women and children
In no chronological order
Water is still much stronger
In its simple form of oxygen and hydrogen
Shania Fernandes
Uses of Malaysian water sources
(River)
 Domestic use
 As source of income
 Linking remote riverside
communities
 For recreational activities
Water Pollution factors at Malaysia
4. SMK Puchong Utama (1)
on Action
 5. Objective

~ To increase knowledge and awareness

of local water quality issues
~ To sample and test the quality of water
in the community
~ To examine the organisms under the
microscope
 6. Purpose
~ Gain knowledge among the students
~ Increase awareness the quality of
water around us
~ An extra co-curricular activity
7. Action Points (Taman Tasik
Prima)

TAMAN TASIK PRIMA

 Nitrate experiment

Nitrogen is essential for plant growth.

Fish obtain the nitrogen they need by eating
aquatic plants or by eating other fish that feed
upon plants.
Excessive nitrogen represents a major pollution
problem.
 Dissolved oxygen
experiment
 Dissolved oxygen analysis measures the amount of
gaseous oxygen (02) dissolved in an aqueous
solution.
 Oxygen gets into water gets into water by diffusion
from the surrounding air, by aeration (rapid
movement), and as a waste products of
photosynthesis.
 When performing the dissolved oxygen test, only
grab samples should be used, and the analysis
should be performed immediately.
 Therefore, this is a field test that should be
performed on site.
pH EXPERIMENT
 A measure of ions (H+), pH expresses the intensity of the
basic or acid condition of a liquid on a scale from 0 to 14.
 Pure water contains an equal number of hydrogen and
hydroxyl (OH-) ions and is considered neutral (pH7).
 Natural waters exhibit a pH ranging from 6.5 to 8.2.
 Very strong acids such as hydrochloric acid have a pH of 0,
and very basic substances, such as sodium hydroxide, a pH
of 14.
 Most aquatic life has adapted to specific acidity and even a
slight change in pH can wipe out a whole population.
 Phosphate experiment
 Phosphorous is an essential element for life; its is
needed for plant growth, and in the metabolic reaction of
plants and animals.
 The amount found in clean water is generally small, not
more than 0.1 part per million. Larger amounts of
phosphates in polluted water cause extensive algal
growth, called “blooms”.
 When algae die, oxygen is used in the decomposition
process, and the fish population is usually wiped out.
 Some of the source of phosphate pollution are: sewage
from wastewater treatment plants, animals and industrial
wastes, fertilizers, and soil erosion.
 BOD experiment
 Biochemical Oxygen Demand is important
because it shows the amount of organic
matter that is in the water.
 It is the measure of the amount of oxygen
that would be consumed if bacteria and
protozoa oxidized all of the organic matter
in one liter of water.
 If the level is to low, it could put aquatic
organisms at risk.
Turbidity Experiment

 Turbidity is a measure of the

amount of suspended particles in
the water, Algae, suspended
sediment, and organic matter in the
water increase turbidity to unhealthy
levels for certain organisms.
 Water with high turbidity is harmful
to plans and fish, and aquatic life
may be wiped out.
Temperature Experiment
• Some organisms prefer cooler water, such as trout; other
thrive under warmer conditions, such as carp and dragonfly
nymphs.
• Few organisms can tolerate extremes of heat or cold.
• Among the sources of thermal pollution are industries that
use river water to cool machinery and warm water that
runs off from streets and parking lots.
• Cutting trees has several adverse effects on a watershed:
It eliminates shady areas, adding warmer runoffs to river,
and it induces soil erosion, which increases the amount of
suspended solids in the river’s water.
• Turbid, cloudy water absorbs the sun’s rays, causing water
temperature to rise.
Coliform Bacteria Experiment
These bacteria occur naturally in human
and other animal’s digestive tracts; they
aid in the digestion of food, and are not
usually harmful.
Fecal coliform levels are monitored
because of a link between fecal coliform
and disease-causing bacteria. Fecal
coliform bacteria are absent in unpolluted
waters.
 Killing Bacteria
• The container had been boiled in boiling
water for 15 minute before start an
experiment.
• This step had been done to prevent the
present of bacteria.
 Result
 Dissolved oxygen~ Positive
 pH~ 8 3(good)
 Phosphate~ 1ppm 4(excellent)
 Turbidity~ 40JTU 3(good)
 BOD~ 4ppm 3(good)
 Temperature~ >10`C (30`C) 1(poor)
 Nitrate~ 5ppm 2(fair)
 Coliform Bacteria~ Positive
 8.Conclusion
 Overall the lake’s water clarity and its
surrounding was moderate.
 Hope officers be more responsible of the
environment.
 By

Bharate~ Project Leader

Ezza Natasha~ Water
Sampler/Preparation
Nithyah~ Photographer/Designer
Nurul Atika~ Reporter
Vahnee~ Asst Reporter
THANK YOU