ADVENT OF A

NATIONAL HERO
CHAPTER 1
 WHAT IS A HERO?
• a mythological or legendary figure often of divine
descent endowed with great strength or ability
• an illustrious warrior
• a man admired for his achievements and noble
qualities
• one who shows great courage
 WHAT IS A HERO?

• the principal male character in a literary or

dramatic work
• the central figure in an event, period, or movement
• a person who is admired for great or brave acts or
fine qualities
• a person who is greatly admired
 WHY DID RIZAL BECAME THE
NATIONAL HERO?

• he fought from freedom in a silent but powerful way

• he expressed his love for the Philippines through his novels,
essays, articles & poems rather than a force of aggression
• he was humble, fighting for reforms through his writings
instead of through a revolution
• he used his intelligence, talents and skills in a for more
peaceful way
RIZAL PASSED THE CRITERIA DURING
THE AMERICAN PERIOD

• He must be Filipino.
• He is already dead.
• He displayed unconditional love for his
country.
• He was a low temper.
• He had died dramatically.
 THE PHILIPPINES DURING
RIZAL'S TIME
• Colonizers forced us to accept foreign culture that are
new & advanced from Mexico & Europe.
• We became Catholics that we never completely
understood by that time.
• We lost our ancestral lands through Encomienda System.
• We lost our freedom / independence.
 SOCIAL SYSTEM
• PENINSULARES were pure-blooded Spaniards occupying the
highest positions in the government.
• INSULARES were the Philippine born Spaniards, given lower
administrative positions in the bureaucracy.
• SPANISH MESTIZOS or KASTILA those born of Spanish and
native parentage were discriminated against by full-blooded
Spaniards.
 SOCIAL SYSTEM
• TOWN RULING CLASS was composed of gobernadorcillos,
cabezas de barangay & native families of means.
• CHINESE MESTIZOS were children of Chinese & Indio
parents controlled the local economy, they were the ladowners,
artisan, merchants, masons, retailers wholesales, etc.
• INDIOS or MASSES were the landless peasants & poor
tenants. Mistreated & were called "barbaros", "bastos", "sin
verguenza" & "ignorante".
 FRAILOCRACIA
An invisible government, meaning "rule of friars".
• the rulers of political unit
• supervisor of local elections
• administrators of schools
• chairman of the board of taxation, health, charity
• registrar for census taking
 EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

• Parochial schools with Spanish missionaries

• Friars decided what to teach
• Students were required to memorize the contents of
the book even without understanding
• Filipinos were instructed in the vernacular
• Classes held on the ground floor of the convent
 DR. JOSE RIZAL

• A unique example of a many-splendored genius who became the greatest hero

of a nation.
• Physician (ophthalmic surgeon), poet, dramatist, essayist, novelist, historian,
architect, painter, sculptor, educator linguist, musician, naturalist, ethnologist,
surveyor, engineer, farmer businessman, economist, geographer, cartographer,
bibliophile, philologist, grammarian, folklorist, philosopher, translator, inventor,
magician, humorist, satirist, polemicist, sportsman, traveler and prophet.
• Hero and a Political Martyr
 THE BIRTH OF A HERO

• Jose Rizal
• Jose Protacio Rizal
Mercado y Alonzo Realonda
• Moonlit night Wednesday of June
19, 1861
• Lakeshore town of Calamba,
Laguna
• His mother almost died during
the delivery because of his big
head
 THE BIRTH OF A HERO

• Baptized in the Catholic church on June 22, aged 3 days old

• Father Rufino Collantes (parish priest) – a Batangueño
• Father Pedro Casanas (ninong) – Rizal’ godfather, native of Calamba and close friend
of Rizal’s family

• “Jose” his name was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the
Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph)
• Father Collates was impressed by the baby’s big head and told:
• “Take good care of this child, for someday he will become a great man.”
AGE 11 AGE 16
RIZAL AT 18 YEARS OLD WHILE
A STUDENT OF MEDICINE AT RIZAL IN MADRID AT THE
U.S.T AGE OF 25
THE RIZAL’S FAMILY
THE PARENTS
 FRANCISCO MERCADO RIZAL
(1818-1898)
• Francisco, the father, was a serious
looking man of sturdy build. He
was born in Biñan, Laguna on May
11, 1818.
• He studied Latin and Philosophy at
the College of San Jose in Manila.
• A tenant-farmer of the Dominican-
owned hacienda.
• Died in Manila on Jan. 5, 1898 at
the age of 80.
 DOÑA TEODORA (1826-1911)

• A vigorious and persevering

woman with a benevolent heart
and a likable personality.
• Born in Manila on Nov. 8, 1826.
• Educated at College of Santa
Rosa, well known college for
girls.
• Died in Manila on Aug. 16,
1911 at the age of 85.
 THE RIZAL CHILDREN
God blessed the marriage of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora
Alonso Realonda with ELEVEN children –two Boys and 9 Girls
 SATURNINA (1850-1913)

Oldest of the Rizal children.

• Became the wife of
Manuel T. Hidalgo of
Tanawan, Batangas.
• Neneng
 PACIANO (1851-1930)

• The second child in the

family and Rizal's only
brother.
• Died on April 13, 1930, an
old bachelor aged 79.
• He had two children (a boy
and a girl) by his mistress
(Severina Decena).
 NARCISA (1852-1939)

Her pet name was Sisa

• Was married to a teacher,
Antonio Lopez (nephew
of Father Leoncio Lopez
of Morong, Rizal.
 OLIMPIA (1855-1887)

Ypia was her pet name.

• Married to a telegraph
operator, Silvestre
Ubaldo.
• She died of childbirth in
1887.
 LUCIA (1857-1919)

• Was the wife of Mariano

Herbosa, who was a
nephew of father Casanas.
 MARIA (1859-1945)

• Biang was her nickname

• Became the wife of
Daniel Faustino Cruz of
Biñan, Laguna.
 JOSE (1861-1896)

• Thenational hero of the

Philippines.
• His nickname was Pepe
• In Dapitan, he lived with
Josephine Bracken , Irish girl
form Hong Kong.
• Had a son with her but died
few hours after birth.
• Named the son as Francisco.
CONCEPCION (1862-1865)

Her pet name was Concha.

She died of sickness at the age of 3.
Her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life.
 JOSEFA (1865-1945)

• Her pet name was

Panggoy
• She died an old maid at
the age of 80.
 TRINIDAD (1868-1951)

• Trining was her pet name.

• She died also as an old
maid in 1951 aged 83.
 SOLEDAD (1870-1929)

• The youngest Rizal child

• Pet name Choleng
• Became the wife of
Pantaleon Quintero.
 THE RIZAL CHILDREN

• Sibling relationship among the Rizal children was affectionately cordial.

• As a little boy, Rizal play games with his sisters.
• When he grew to manhood, he called them Doña or Señora (if married)
and Señorita (if single).
• Paciano was a second father to him (10 years senior)
• He immortalized him in his first novel as the wise PilosopoTasio
 RIZAL’S ANCESTRY

• Rizal was a product of mixture of races both east and west.

• Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Japanese and Spanish

• His great-great grandfather (father side) was a Chinese Immigrant

named Domingo Lamco
• He was from Fukien city who arrived in Manila about 1690

• DoñaTeodora’s family descended from LakanDula (King of Tondo)

• His great-great maternal grandfather was of Japanese ancestry
 THE SURNAME RIZAL

• The real surname of Rizal family was Mercado which was adopted in
1731 by Domingo Lamco (paternal great-great grandfather of Jose
Rizal) who was a full blooded Chinese.

• The second surname – RIZAL – was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor

of Laguna, who was a family friend.
THE RIZAL HOME

• Two storey building, rectangular

in shape
• Built in adobe stones and hard
wood and roofed with red tiles
• Describe by Rafael Palma
(biographer)

• Behind the house was a poultry

yard full of turkeys and chickens
and a big garden of tropical fruits
• It was a happy home.
 A GOOD MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILY

• The Rizal family belonged to the Principalia

• A town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines

• One of the distinguished families in Calamba

• From the farms, which were rented from Dominican Order, they
harvested rice, corn and sugarcane.
• The owned a carriage, which was a status symbol of the illustrados in
Spanish Philippines
• A private library (the largest in Calamba which consisted of more then
1,000 volumes.
 HOME LIFE OF RIZALS

• The Rizal family had a simple, contented, and happy life.

• Both parents never spoiled their children.
• They were strict parents and they trained their children to love God,
behave well, to be obedient, and to respect people especially old folks.
• The believed in the maxim: “Spare the rod and spoil the child”
• They heard Mass in the town church particularly Sundays
• They prayed together daily at home then after the prayer all the children
kiss the hands of their parents.