|
 

‡ Research= Re+ Search

‡ Research refers to a search of knowledge
‡ Research is an art of scientific
investigation
‡ ³Research is a careful investigation or
inquiry especially through search for new
facts in any branch of knowledge.´
 á  



 


‡ Use of techniques of science in research
To get better research results
‡ Research is conducted in an objective and
systematic manner ± more benefit to firm
‡ India, many firms are still using the traditional
methods viz, intuitions, hunches, judgment,
experience etc
 4  
‡ ³Research is the systematic and
objective identification, collection,
analysis, dissemination (distribution)
and use of information for the purpose
of improving decision making related
to the identification and solution of
problems and opportunities in any
field.´
 v

  

‡ To discover answers to questions
through the application of scientific
procedures
‡ To find out the truth which is hidden
and which has not been discovered as
yet
 v


 

‡ To gain familiarity with a phenomenon
‡ To portray accurately the
characteristics of particular individual,
situation or a group
‡ To determine the frequency with which
something occurs
‡ To test a hypothesis of causal
relationship between variables
  
 
‡ It is defined as the systematic and
objective process of gathering,
recording and analyzing data for aid in
making business decisions
‡ Eg- ITC¶s Food Division conducts a
survey on consumer preference of
ready to eat food & Spices
 á


 

‡ Need for knowledge

‡ Providing Information for d.m
‡ Changing from intuition to systematic
and objective investigation
‡ It encompasses all functional
specialties
 ¢   


 
‡ Research provides the basis for nearly all
government policies in our economic system
‡ Research is important in solving various
operational and planning problems of
business
‡ Research is important for social scientists in
studying social relationships
‡ Research is important for students,
professionals, philosophers, thinkers,
 ï 
 

‡ Basic research
‡ It is called fundamental research,
theoretical research or pure research
‡ It is undertaken for the sake of
knowledge without any intention to
apply it in practice
‡ Eg., Newton's contributions
‡ Applied research
‡ It is carried on to find solution to a real
life problem requiring an action
‡ It is problem oriented and action
directed
‡ Eg., marketing research to develop a
new market / product research to
develop a new product- Fair and
Handsome & Nicorette
‡ Exploratory or Formulative research
‡ Conducted to clarify ambiguous
problems
‡ Does not provide conclusive evidence
‡ Subsequent research expected
‡ Mainly focuses on qualitative data
‡ E.g. ³Absenteeism is increasing, but
we don¶t know why.´
 á 
  

‡ Review of Literature- secondary data
‡ Experience surveys- Informal interview
with expertise in relevant field
‡ Case studies- intensive study- insight-
Sigmund Freud
‡ Pilot studies- Any small scale
exploratory study that uses sampling
 Descriptive research
‡ It is also called as the Ex-post-facto
research
‡ Descriptive research is a fact finding
investigation with adequate interpretation
‡ Data Collection is done using one of the
appropriate methods: Observation,
Interviewing and mail questionnaire.
‡ The researcher has no control over the
variables (E.g. frequency of shopping
 Experimental Research
± To assess the effect of one or more
variables on a phenomenon.
± The nature of relationship between
independent and dependent
variables is stated in the form of a
causal hypothesis. This hypothesis
is then tested using the experimental
procedure
‡ Diagnostic Research
± Directed towards discovering what is
happening, why is it happening and
what can be done about it.
± Aims at identifying a problem and the
possible solutions for it.
± Can also be concerned with
discovering and testing whether
certain variables are associated.
‡ Evaluation Studies
± It is a type of Applied Research made for
assessing the effectiveness of social or
economic (or marketing) programs.
± It aims at assessing and appraising the
quality and the quantity of a program and
specifies the attributes and conditions
required for the success of the program.
± Types of evaluation:
‡ Concurrent, Periodic, Terminal
‡ Analytical Study
± It is a system of procedures and
techniques of analysis applied to
quantitative data.
± May consist of a system of
mathematical models or statistical
techniques applicable to numerical
data.
± Aims at testing hypothesis and
specifying and interpreting