Garnica Chagolla Jose Heriberto

Hernandez Zuñiga Alexis Osvaldo

Moreno Arellano Marco Guillermo
Perez Zavala Marco Rafael

TEAM 6
Thermography
 Thermography
 Thermography is a procedure used to obtain information about the
temperature of an object from a distance without using physical contact
with it.

 Cómo funciona la termografía?

 Thermography works through infrared radiation. Thanks to the use of a thermograph we can capture
the electromagnetic spectrum of an object and thus identify its temperature.
 Introduction
 Thermographic technology has become one of the most valuable diagnostic
tools for predictive maintenance. By detecting anomalies that are often
invisible to the naked eye, thermography enables corrections to be made
before costly system failures occur

Thermal imaging cameras are a unique tool for determining when and where
maintenance is required, as electrical and mechanical installations often
heat up before failure.

 Camara termografica
 A thermal imaging camera records the intensity of radiation in the
infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum and converts it into a
visible image.

What are infrared?

Infrared is halfway between the visible spectrum and the microwaves of the
electromagnetic spectrum. The main source of infrared radiation is heat or
thermal radiation. Any object with a temperature above absolute zero (-
273.15 ° C or 0 Kelvin) emits radiation in the infrared region
Thermographic camera
 Thermography in maintenance
Thermography for maintenance inspections are powerful non-invasive tools for monitoring and the diagnosis
of the status of components in electrical and mechanical installations.
It takes advantage of the properties of infrared radiation to extract useful data on the condition of the
equipment under test.
Since problems can be identified at an early stage so that they can be documented and corrected before they
become serious and costly to repair.
 Infrared thermography in electrical
systems
Thermal imaging is commonly used for inspections of electrical components and systems of all shapes
and sizes.
The wide variety of possible applications of thermal imaging cameras in the range of electrical systems
installations can be divided into two categories:
 low voltage
 high voltage

(UNEVEN LOAD, FOUND BY IR THERMOGRAPHY.)

 Low voltage installations
Thermal imaging cameras can regularly examine electrical panels and control centers of electric motors, since
electrical systems suffer load imbalances, corrosion and increases in current impedance.
The thermal inspections it help quickly locate hot spots, determine the severity of the problem, and estimate
the time in which equipment should be repaired.
Some examples of failures in low voltage equipment that can be detected with thermography are:

• High electrical resistance connections

• Corroded connections
• Internal damage to the fuses
• Internal failures in equipment
• Bad connections and internal damage
(overheated fuses and connections)

(load that is not evenly distributed between the fuse boxes.)

(The hot spot indicates a short circuit that could cause a fire.)
 High voltage installations
Heat is an important factor in high voltage installations. When electrical current passes through a
resistive element, it generates heat. Greater resistance produces an increase in heat.
Some examples of faults in high voltage installations that can be detected with thermography:
• Rust on high voltage switches
• Overheated connections
• Badly secured connections
• Insulation defects
(Substation thermography showing areas where there are unwanted high resistance
connections.)

The thermal imaging cameras it allow to inspect high voltage installations from a safe
distance

(Inspection of a substation that reveals overheated components.)

 In mechanical systems
 Thermal data collected with a thermal imaging camera can be a very valuable source of
supplementary information for vibration studies and monitoring of mechanical equipment.
 Mechanical systems overheat if there are misalignments at certain points in the system
 Examples of mechanical failures that can
be detected with thermography
 Lubrication problems
 Alignment errors
 Overheated engines
 Suspicious rollers
 Hot bearings
1.-Example of thermography in
mechanical systems
2.-Example of thermography in
mechanical systems
 Pipeline
 Thermography also offers very valuable information about the
 state of the insulation of conduits, pipes and valves.
 Examples of pipeline faults that can be
detected with the thermography:
• Leaks in pumps, pipes and valves
• Insulation faults
• Obstructions in pipes
 Refractory and petrochemical facilities
Using a thermal imaging camera,
the damaged refractory material and
the corresponding loss heat can be
easily located, since the
transmission of heat will be clearly
seen on thermography.
 Other applications
 Flame detection
Deposit level detection
 Thermal physics for maintenance
predictive
To interpret thermal images correctly, the
operator needs know the different materials and
circumstances that influence the thermal
imaging camera temperature readings.
 Thermal conductivity
 Emissivity
Emissivity is defined as the capacity that it has a
body to emit infrared.
 3.- Reflection
Some materials reflect thermal radiation in the same way that a mirror reflects visible light. These
include non-oxidized metals, especially if they have been polished. Reflections can cause an incorrect
interpretation of the thermography.
 4. Weather conditions
Ambient temperature can have a great influence on temperature readings. A high ambient temperature
can hide hot spots by heating the entire object, while a low ambient temperature could cool the hot spots
to a temperature below a predetermined threshold.
 Other factors
Another obvious factor that can render thermographic inspection useless is rain, which cools the surface
material. Even when it has just rained, evaporation of the water cools the surface material. Not
surprisingly, this can lead to incorrect thermal patterns.
 5. Heating and ventilation systems
Heating systems create temperature differences
that can lead to incorrect thermal patterns. Cold
air flows from fans or air conditioning systems
can have the opposite effect, cooling the surface
material while components below the surface
remain hot, which can lead to potential defects
being undetected.
 Performing thermal inspections
1. Define the task
List all the equipment you want to monitor.
The next step is to prioritize the list

2. Perform an initial inspection

Before you can begin to diagnose problems with your equipment, you need
reference material.
3. Start the inspection
If all reference temperature measurements have been made and documented correctly, you can begin to
inspect the equipment.

4. Analysis and reporting

When all the equipment has been inspected, you will need to return to the office to perform the image
analysis and summarize the findings in a report.
Muchas gracias por su atención.