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 In optical communications, as light travels through fiber,
the transmission properties of modulated light including
optical power, noise, pulse shape & so on are effected by the
link in a unique way that establishes a performance vector

 If the performance vector is continuously monitored in

service & in real time, then any change in performance
vector can be detected and the magnitude of change can be
measured
 ˜he rate & magnitude of change are two important
characteristics based on which inferences can be
made regarding channel degradation, channel
failure or channel intrusion

 IN should be able to detect intrusions , we need to

develop intelligent approaches that can correct
these undesirable effects
 rapid growth of IP services

 Demand for network bandwidth

 Flow of IP traffic

 ˜he uncertainty of the dynamic allocation of network

bandwidth
 ION represents a new class of optical transport,
switching & management systems
 Bring flexibility to the optical domain by
combining the functionality of SONE˜ SDH, the
efficiency of IP and the capacity creation of
DWDM with advanced networking software
 ˜he IONs are optical transport networks (O˜N) with
dynamic connection capability i.e. able to set-up or
tear-down optical connections dynamically
 ˜his is obtained by the introduction of a Automatically
switched optical network for the O˜N
K Automatically switched optical network consists of:

K ˜ransport plane (˜P)

˜P is responsible for the MP and CP under the effect
of transmission

K Management plane (MP)

MP responsible for the transport plane and control
plane management

K Control plane (CP)

 CP consists of a set of functionalities such as signaling and
routing throughout the network
 It is designed to provide simpler, faster and flexible
provisioning of optical connections
 CP performs the call and connection control functions
through signaling. CP sets up and releases connections ,
restore a connection in case of a failure
 ION enabled by high capacity Optical Cross Connects
(OXCs) with software intelligence, grants new methods for
managing high capacity core ON
 Used as the transmission medium in ON for data
traffic
 It is the SONE˜ SDH layer that provides the service
creation, fault management & restoration capabilities
 ˜here are two basic ways of scaling network
infrastructure to accommodate growth in data traffic
 Increase the operating speed of the SONE˜ SDH
rings to improve performance and capacity
 Increase the number of rings using Dense Wavelength
Division Multiplexing (DWDM) technology
 Important innovations that OXCs bring to
ON include Switching capacities matching the
bandwidth needs of DWDM technologies
 DWDM Physical layer for todayǯs IONs
 Multiplexes multiple waves of light onto single fiber
 Able to transmit data faster and further:
10 - 40 Gb sec per wave
160 waves per fiber
160 * 40 Gb sec =6.4˜b sec
DWDM Optical
System with
Amplifiers
ring architectures being applied to the
optical network domain
Built-in network intelligence has two
aspects: node-based and network-based
 Node-based
K Used to refer to the network elementsǯ intelligent
software capable of sensing a module failure or a break
in a fiber connection and automatically routing traffic in
the opposite direction of the ring
K Networks are currently capable of routing 40 optical
signals in less than 50 milliseconds

 Network-based
K Used to refer to the networkǯs capability of deploying
new services without physical intervention
K Main driver is Gigabit Ethernet (GE) and 10GE
 ION makes it possible to restore service faster in the
event of a failure
 Switches automatically reroute traffic
 ˜he Dzintelligencedz in the switches comes from
innovative software that uses real-time signaling and
routing algorithms to make decisions
 ION will enable automatic restoration of wavelengths
and band width
 reduces latency of introducing new services
throughout a network