Solar power inverter using solar tracking system

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 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Contrast
Solar Control
Panel

16 X 2 LCD

ULN Driver

ADC
Voltage
Sampling
Circuit
Stepper
AT89S52 Motor

High Transistor
Sensitive Switching
LDR Circuit
Mechanical
Coupling to
Solar Panel

Crystal Reset

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Step Bridge Filter
down Rectifier Circuit Regulator
T/F
Power supply to all sections

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SOLAR CELL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

4
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF SOLAR
TRACKING SYSTEM

MCU

5
FLOW CHART OF TRACKING CONTROL

MCU sends a stop signal to

motor

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 DESCRIPTION OF EACH PART
AT89S52 MCU:
AT89S52 is 8-bit microcontroller from Atmel Semiconductors. The complete control
logic program is stored in this microcontroller.

Solar Panel:
This is a photo voltaic cell. This converts light energy into electrical energy.

Voltage Sampling Circuit:

The output voltage of the solar panel is given to voltage sampling circuit. This is a
voltage divide network.

ADC:Analog to digital converter circuit converts the sample analog signal of the solar
panel into digital data and feeds to microcontroller.

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High Sensitivity LDR:This is a light dependent resistor.
The resistance of the device is inversely proportional to
the amount of light falling on its surface.

Transistor Switching Circuit: In this section a NPN

transistor is used as a switch. The transistor is driven into
saturation and cut off region based on the output voltage
of the LDR.
ULN Driver : This is current booster circuit. The
microcontroller is a C-MOS device, and it can not drive a
stepper motor.
Motor:The stepper motor is used to rotate the solar panel.

Reset:
Reset control circuit is used to reset the microcontroller at
any stage of work.
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Crystal:
A crystal is used to supply clock frequency to the microcontroller. The
clock frequency is 11.0592MHz.

Power Supply Section:

This project needs 5V regulated DC power supply. This power supply is
built with a full wave bridge rectifier, C- filter and a three terminal
voltage regulator.

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AT89S52 Microcontroller

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Block diagram of 89S52

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 VS
Pin no. 1 Power supply (GND)
S

LCD Pin no. 2

V
C Power supply (+5V)
C

V
Pin no. 3 Contrast adjust
EE

0 = Instruction input
Pin no. 4 RS
1 = Data input

R/ 0 = Write to LCD module

Pin no. 5
W 1 = Read from LCD module

E
Pin no. 6 Enable signal
N

Pin no. 7 D0 Data bus line 0 (LSB)

Pin no. 8 D1 Data bus line 1

Pin no. 9 D2 Data bus line 2

Pin no. 10 D3 Data bus line 3

Pin no. 11 D4 Data bus line 4

Pin no. 12 D5 Data bus line 5

Pin no. 13 D6 Data bus line 6

Pin no. 14 D7 Data bus line 7 (MSB) 12

 POWER SUPPLY

230V AC
D.C
50Hz Output

Step down
Bridge
transformer Rectifier
Filter Regulator

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THE BRIDGE RECTIFIER

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VOLTAGE REGULATOR

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INVERTER CIRCUIT

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 ADVANTAGE

•Highly sensitive
•Works according to the sun
direction
•Fit and Forget system
•Night – Day mode sensing
•Low cost and reliable circuit
•Complete elimination of
manpower

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 APPLICATION
•Street lights
•Garden Lights
•Solar water heater
•Hotels, hostels and
house hold
applications
•Offices
•Industries

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 Conclusion
This project presents a solar tracking power generation system.
The tracking controller based on the closed loop algorithm is designed and
implemented with Atmel 89S52 MCU in embedded system domain.
Set up on the solar tracking system, the light sensitivity resistors are used to
determine the night – day vision.
The proposed solar tracking power generation system can track the sun light
automatically.
Thus, the efficiency of solar energy generation can be increased.
Experimental work has been carried out carefully. The result shows that higher
generating power
efficiency is indeed achieved using the solar tracking system.
The proposed method is verified to be highly beneficial for the solar power
generation.

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 References

 
Text Books:
Working with GSM Network By Cruis Leanardo
Electrical Applications with GSM By Morris Hamington
 
Website:
www.howstuffworks.com
www.answers.com
www.radiotronix.com
www.ieee.org

 
Magazines:
Electronics for you
Electrikindia
Let us Go Wireless
 
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