ROAD ACCIDENTS IN INDIA - 2016

Government of India
Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
Transport Research Wing
 Road Accidents -2016
 The Report, ‘Road Accidents in India -2016’ contains
information on various facets of road accidents in the
States/U.Ts, Million Plus Cities and in the country as a
whole for the calendar year 2016.

 Information collected from the Police Headquarters of the

various States/UTs and Million Plus Cities through

specific designated nodal officers (DGP/ADGP) Crime,
ADGP (Traffic), Director (State Crime Record Bureau) in
a 17-item format devised under Asia Pacific Road
Accident Data (APARD) Format.
 Road Accidents : A Snapshot

 Road Accidents - a leading cause of Injuries,

Deaths & Disabilities.
 India : 2016
• Accidents – 4,80,652
• Deaths – 1,50,785
• Person Injured – 4,94,624
 In Every Day :
 1,317 Accidents take place and 413 Persons killed on
Indian Roads
 In
Every Hour:
 55 Accidents take place and 17 Persons killed on
Indian Roads
 Road Accident Parameters and Change over
the Previous Year

Parameter 2015 2016 % Change

over previous
year
Total Accidents 5,01,423 4,80,652 -4.1
Killed 1,46,133 1,50,785 3.2
Injured 5,00,279 4,94,624 -1.1
Accident Severity* 29.1 31.4 7.9

*: Number of persons killed per 100 accidents

Age Group of Victims of Road Accidents - 2016

 Age Group of less than 18 years accounted for a share of

7.0% (10,622 persons) in total accident fatalities.

 Youth of Age Group of 18-34 years accounted for the share

of 46.3 % (69,851 persons) in total accident fatalities .

 Age Group of 18-45 years accounted for a share of 68.6 %

(1,03,409 persons) in total accident fatalities.

 Working Age Group 18-60 years accounted for a share of

83.3 per cent ( 1,25,583 per sons) in the total road accident
fatalities.
Percentage Share of Road Accidents, Person Killed
and Injured on different type of Roads in 2016
Type of % Share of the % Share of the % Share of the
Road Total Road Total Total
Accidents Person Killed Person
Injured

National 29.6 34.5 29.6

Highways
State 25.3 27.9 25.8
Highways
Other
45.1 37.6 44.6
Roads
86.5% of total number of Road Accidents
accounted by 13 States (2016)

Percentage Share of Top 13 States in Total Number of Road Accidents,

2016
4.5 Tamil Nadu
2.8 14.9
2.8 2.3 Madhya
4.7
Pradesh
Karnataka
4.8 Maharashtra
11.2 Kerala
Uttar Pradesh
Andhra
5.2 Pradesh
Rajasthan
Telangana
7.4 8.3 9.2 Gujarat
8.2
Chhattisgarh
West Bengal
Haryana
 83.7% of total number of Persons Killed in
Road Accidents accounted by 13 States(2016)

Percentage Share of Top 13 States in Total Number of Persons Killed in Road

Accidents, 2016
Uttar Pradesh
Tamil Nadu
3.3 3.3
3.4 12.8 Maharashtra
4.3 Karnataka
4.8 Rajasthan
11.4
5.4
Madhya Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Gujarat
5.7 Telangana
8.6
West Bengal
6.4 Punjab
7.4
6.9
Haryana
Bihar
87.8% of total number of Persons Injured in
Road Accidents accounted by 13 States(2016)

Percentage Share of Top 13 States in Total Number of Persons Injured in Road

Accidents, 2016

Tamil Nadu
2.4 2.3 Madhya Pradesh
2.6
4.0 16.6
Karnataka
4.9
Kerala
4.9 Maharashtra
5.1
11.7 Andhra Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Telengana
6.1 Rajasthan
Gujarat
7.3 11.0
Chhattisgarh
8.9
West Bengal
Odisha
 Share of Top 5 States (in percentage) in Total
Number of Road Accidents & Fatalities: 2016
16
14.9

14
12.8

12 11.4 11.2

10
9.2
8.6
8.3
8 7.4 7.4
6.4
6

0
Tamil Nadu Madhya Pradesh Karnataka Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh

% Share in Accidents % Share in Fatalities

 Inter-City Comparison(2016)
(50 cities with a million plus population)
Million Plus Cities accounted for :
 18.7 % of all Road Accidents.
 11.8% of all Road Accident Fatalities.
 16.7% of all Persons Injured in Road Accidents
 Chennai reported the highest number of Road
Accidents – 7,486
 Delhi reported the highest number of Road Accident
Deaths – 1,591
 Chennai reported the highest number of Persons
Injured – 7,349.
 Ludhiana had the highest Accident Severity i.e.
69.9.
Cities with Higher Road Accidents – 2016

Five Cities with Higher Road Accidents

Chennai 7486

Delhi 7375

Bangalore 5323

Indore 5143

Kolkata 4104

Mumbai 3379

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000

Accidents based on the Age of Vehicles
(in percentages) : 2016

45
40.3
40

35 32.7

30

25

20
15.4
15

10 9.4

5
2.2

0
Less than 5 year 5 - 10 Years 10 - 15 Years 15 Years & Age not known
above
Accidents according to Vehicular Defect: 2016

Vehicular No. of No. of Persons No. of Persons

Defect Accidents Killed Injured
Defective 19,695 5,609 20,690
Brakes
Defective 6,736 2,185 7,117
Steering
Punctured/ 5,258 1,811 5,258
burst tyres
Worn out tyres 3,084 1,327 3,370
Other serious 61,495 20,148 62,942
mechanical
defect
Accidents according to Road
conditions/ features: 2016
 9,583 accidents occurred & resulted in killings
of 3,396 people on Speed breakers.
 Potholes accounted for 6,424 Road Accidents
& 2,324 fatalities.
 Maximum number of Road Accidents occurred
on Two Lane Roads (1,90,800) followed by
Single Lane (1,77,067) & Four Lane with
Median (67,179).
Share in Total Road Accidents by Type
of Motor Vehicle Involved : 2016

Non-motorized vehicles &

Other Motor Vehicles other objects
2.8 4.5

Trucks, Tempos,
Two-Wheelers
Tractors and other 33.8
Articulated vehicles
21.0

Buses
7.8

Cars, Jeeps, Taxis Auto-Rickshaws

23.6 6.5
Accidents according Age of Drivers: 2016

Age Group No. of Accidents

Fatal Accidents Total Accidents

Less than 18 5,383 18,738
18-25 30,661 1,15,053
25-35 37,252 1,31,142
35-45 31,041 1,06,726
45-60 17,184 62,746
60 & Above 4,505 16,492
Age not known 10,045 29,755

Total 1,36,071 4,80,652

Accidents according to educational
qualifications of Drivers: 2016

Educational Qualification of No. of accidents

drivers

Up to 8th Standard 89,936

Std. 8-10 1,49,795

Above Std.10 1,85,495

Qualification not known 54,998

 Share of Total Number of Persons Killed in Road
Accidents in terms of Road User Categories: 2016

Others*
2.0
Pedestrian
Other Motor Vehicles10.5
(including e-rickshaw) Bicycles
10.6 1.7

Buses
6.6

Trucks
11.2

Two-wheelers
34.8

Cars, Taxis, Vans & LMVs

17.9

Auto-Rickshaws
4.7

* Includes: Animal Drawn Vehicles, Cycle Rickshaws, Hand Carts, Rickshaws and Other Persons
Vulnerable Road Users (2016)

Most vulnerable Road Users killed on

Road Accidents :
• Two Wheelers – 52,500 (34.8%)
• Pedestrians – 15,746 (10.5%)
• Bicycles – 2, 528 (1.7) %
Type of Licence and Road Accidents: 2016

 Holder of Regular Licence involved in more

number of accidents 4,05,079 (84.6%).
 Holder of learners licence involved in 41,405
(8.7%) accidents and
 Persons without licence involved in 32,088
(6.7%) accidents.
 This implies requirement of proper evaluation/
testing of driving skill before the issue of
licences.
 Locations with Higher Accidents: 2016

 Most accidents occurred:

Open area - 1,88,196
Residential area - 63,031
Market Place - 31,431
Near Bus stand - 28,602
Pedestrian Crossing- 28,397
Near Educational - 27,723
Institutions
Multi-causal Nature of Road Accident

 Road Accidents are Multi-causal- a combination of

factors such as human error, road defects,
manufacturing defects of vehicles;
 Worsening environment especially traffic
congestion raises the level of vulnerability;
 The number of vehicles increased at a CAGR of
9.8% whereas the total road length increased at a
CAGR of 3.7% over 2005 to 2015.
Factors responsible for Road Accidents as reported by
States/U.Ts : 2016
Accidents Killed Injured

Fault of Driver of motor vehicle 4,03,598 (84.0) 1,21,126 (80.3) 4,14,785 (83.9)

Fault of Driver of non-motorized vehicle 6,546 (1.4) 2,250 (1.5) 7,620 (1.5)
Fault of Pedestrian 8,298 (1.7) 3,091 (2.0) 7,465 (1.5)
Fault of Passenger 5,200 (1.1) 2,181 (1.4) 4,535 (0.9)
Mechanical Defect in motor vehicle 6,688 (1.4) 2,823 (1.9) 6,956 (1.4)
Engineering/ Designing fault of Roads 1,289 (0.3) 589 (0.4) 1,217 (0.2)
Defect in road condition (surface of
7,158 (1.5) 2,983 (2.0) 6,579 (1.3)
roads/surface condition of roads)
Stray Animal 1,604 (0.3) 629 (0.5) 1,307 (0.3)
Poor light condition 3,833 (0.8) 1,631 (1.1) 4,477 (1.0)
Other causes 20,858 (4.3) 7,312 (4.8) 23,380 (4.7)
Causes not known 15,580 (3.2) 6,170 (4.1) 16,303 (3.3)
Total 4,80,652 1,50,785 4,94,624

Note: Figures in parenthesis are the percentage share

Drivers’ Fault- Main factor responsible for accidents: 2016

 Drivers’ Fault revealed as a most responsible factor

for Road Accidents - 84.0 % of total Road
Accidents & 80.3 % of Road Accident Deaths.
 Within Drivers’ Fault :
 Over speeding of vehicles caused 66.5 % of
Road Accidents & 61.0 % of Deaths
 Overtaking caused 7.3 % of Road Accidents
& 7.8 % of Deaths .
 Intake of Alcohol/Drugs caused 3.7 % of
Road Accidents & 5.1% of Deaths.
 Act of talking over Mobile Phones resulted in
4976 accidents and 2138 deaths and 4746
injuries.
 Responsibilities of Drivers: 2016
Responsibilities of Drivers Accidents Killed Injured

Exceeding lawful speed 2,68,341 (66.5) 73,896 (61.0) 2,82,870 (68.2)

Intake of Alcohol 14,894 (3.7) 6,131 (5.1) 11,648 (2.9)
Jumping Red Light 4,491 (1.1) 1,260 (1.0) 4,636 (1.1)
Driving on Wrong Side 17,654 (4.4) 5,705 (4.7) 17,908 (4.3)
Jumping/ Changing lanes 8,513 (2.1) 2,795 (2.3) 8,177 (2.0)
Overtaking 29,647 (7.3) 9,462 (7.8) 29,171 (7.0)

Using of Mobile phones

during driving 4,976 (1.2) 2,138 (1.8) 4,746 (1.1)

Asleep or fatigued or sick 4,552 (1.1) 1,796 (1.5) 4,685 (1.1)

Other improper actions 50,530 (12.6) 17,943 (14.8) 50,944 (12.3)

Note: Figures in parenthesis are the percentage share

 Other Parameters of Road Accidents: 2016

 Vehicular Load condition caused :

61, 325 (12.8%) of total Road Accidents & 21,302
(14.1%) of Deaths.
 Head on collision :
96,466 (20.1%) of total Road Accidents & 27,446
(18.2%) of Deaths.
 Hit & Run Cases :
55,942 (11.6%) of total Road Accidents & 22,962
(15.2%) of Deaths.
Accidents at Junctions: 2016
• About 37 % of total Road
Accidents occurred on the
junctions.
• Within junctions 72.9% of
accidents occurred at
uncontrolled junctions.
Use of Safety Devices: 2016
 Out of total of 52,500 two wheeler riders in
Road accidents, 10,135 two wheeler riders
(19.3%) reported to be not wearing Helmets.
 Non-wearing of Seat-belts resulted in 5,638
deaths (3.7%) in Road Accidents.
Improving Road Accident Database
 Road Accidents are multi-causal, but falls into three
broad categories, viz.,
 Human error
 Road engineering defects
 Vehicular defects
 Need to focus on vulnerable road users, especially
pedestrians;
 A committee consisting of expert members from IITs,
State Police etc. constituted by the Ministry to move
closer towards an accurate, consistent and objective
road accident database.
 Improving Road Accident Database
(contd.)
 The Committee recommended a uniform accidents recording format for
the State/UT Police; and corresponding annual accident data reporting
formats.
 The new Recording Format developed to make it simple for the police
to understand and to cover all relevant information relating to road
accident – accident identification/location, road conditions, vehicles
involved and details of road accident victims.
 The new formats to foster objectivity in data recording by capturing the
circumstances under which an accident occurred, adequate capturing of
impacting vehicles details and improve accuracy in pedestrian victims.
 MoRTH has accorded approval to the new formats and disseminated to
States/UTs. Approved formats uploaded in the Ministry’s website
(www.morth.nic.in).
 Familiarization workshops; one national level at IIT-Delhi and five zonal
levels each at IIT-Bombay, IIT-Guwahati, IIT-Kanpur, IIT-Kharagpur and IIT-
Madras organised for State & UT Police officers.
 Government Initiatives

• The Government has been implementing

multi-pronged road safety programmes
and initiatives which encompasses mass
awareness/ education programmes,
engineering measures (both road and
vehicle), enforcement of safety laws and
emergency care to road accident victims.
 Recent Measures taken by MoRTH
i. Road Engineering measures:
• 789 black spots identified of which 651 on
NH and 138 on State roads.
• 140 spots already rectified.
• 283 under process.
• Road Safety Audits at different stages are
integral part of BOT and EPC road projects.
• All road development projects have
provision for essential road safety furniture:
like road signs, markings, delineators etc.
• Crash barriers installed in hilly areas.
Recent Measures taken by MoRTH (contd.)

ii. Vehicular safety standards and IT enabled safety

measure
• Trucks prohibited from carrying protruding
roads;
• Anti-locking Brake System (ABS) made
mandatory on Heavy Vehicles.
• Cars to have provision for fitment of at-least
one child seat.
• AHO (Automatic Headlight On) made
mandatory for Two Wheelers.
• Bus and truck code for safe cabins for drivers
and others.
Recent Measures taken by MoRTH (contd.)

iii. Education and Awareness

• Ministry sanctioned 24 model institutes of
drivers training and research (IDTR) for
drivers.
• Of which 16 functional.
• Road Safety Week observed each year for
mass awareness.
• To support traffic and transport rules.
Recent Measures taken by MoRTH (contd.)

iv. Post-crash response and trauma care

• Good Samaritans” guidelines accepted by
Supreme Court – States/U.Ts requested to
implement.
• NHAI provide ambulances at a distance of 50-60
kms on completed stretches of NH.
• MV Amemdment Bill 2017 provide stricter
penalities for traffic offences for strengthening
enforcement and ensuring compliance:
Drunk driving
Overloading
Overspeeding
Red light jumping
Always Follow Road Safety Rules

Thank you