Constitutional Law 1

Module 2
Jose Arturo C. de Castro, J.D., LL.M., J.S.D.
 Art.II, Declaration of
Principles and State Policies
Legal Implications of Art.II
Kilosbayan v. Morato – 246 SCRA 540 [1995] and MR­
250 SCRA 130 [1995]
Tondo Medical v. CA – 527 SCRA 746 [2007]
BCDA v. COA, 580 SCRA 295 (2009).
 §1, Art. II
Democratic & Republican
Requisites of a State:
People
Territory
Government
Sovereignty
 §1, Art. II, cont’d 1…
Government:
Functions of Government: Constituent v. Ministrant
Incorporated
Bacani v. NACOCO – 100 PHIL. 468 [1956] (Government;
functions; incorporated)
Unincorporated
ACCFA v. CUGCO – 30 SCRA 649 [1969] (Government;
functions; unincorporated) (compare with Bacani v. NACOCO)
PVTA v. CIR – 65 SCRA 416 [1975] (Government; functions;
unincorporated)
Republic v. Judge of CFI of Rizal – 99 SCRA 660 [1980]
(Government; functions; unincorporated)
 §1, Art. II, cont’d 2…
Government exercising functions through corporations or
instrumentalities:
Government­owned or controlled corporations (GOCCs)
VFP v. Reyes – 483 SCRA 526 [2006] (Government; sovereign
function)
Ramiscal v. Sandiganbayan – 499 SCRA 375 [2006]
(Government; GOCC; AFP­RSBS)
Alzaga v. Sandiganbayan – 505 SCRA 848 [2006]
(Government; GOCC; AFP­RSBS)
Javier v. Sandiganbayan – 599 SCRA 324 [2009] (Private
sector representative to National Book Development Board;
governmental)
 §1, Art. II, cont’d 3…
Instrumentalities
MIAA v. CA – 495 SCRA 591 [2006] (Government;
instrumentality)
Boy Scouts of the Philippines v. COA – 651 SCRA 146 [2011]
Funa v. MECO and COA –GR 193462, February 4, 2014
Quasi­public corporations
Phil Society v. COA – 534 SCRA 112 [2007] (Quasi­public corp.;
private but with public character; charter test not applicable)
State universities
Serana v. Sandiganbayan – 542 SCRA 224 [2008] (U.P.;
governmental)
 §1, Art. II, cont’d 4…
De Jure and de Facto Government:
Co Kim Cham v. Valdez Tan Keh – 75 PHIL. 113
[1945] (Government; de facto)
In re: Letter of Associate Justice Puno – 210 SCRA
588 [1992] (Government; revolution)
Republic v. Sandiganbayan –GR 104768, July 21,
2003 (Rights during interregnum)
 §1, Art. II cont’d 5…
Sovereignty
People v. Gozo – 53 SCRA 476 [1973] (auto­limitation)
 

Other readings:
Philippine Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Animals v. COA, G.R. No. 169752 [2007].
 §2, Art.II
International Law and the doctrine of incorporation:
A. Treaties and Agreements
Tañada v. Angara – 272 SCRA 18 [1997] (GATT­WTO)
Bayan v. Zamora – GR 138570, October 10, 2000 (VFA)
Bayan v. Romulo – GR 159618, Feb. 1, 2011 (RP­US Non­
Surrender Agreement)
Deutsche Bank v. CIR, GR 188550, August 28, 2013 (Tax
treaty)
CBR Power v. CIR, 746 SCRA 93
Saguisag v. Executive Secretary, GR 212426, January 12,
2016 and MR, July 26, 2016 affirming 1st judgment.
 §2, Art.II cont’d 1…
Equal standing of international law and municipal law
Lim v. Exec. Secretary ­GR 151445, April 11, 2002
(Balikatan Exercises)
Shangri­La v. Developers ­GR 159938, March 31, 2006
(intellectual property rights)
Philip Morris, Inc. v. Fortune Tobacco Corporation –
GR 158589, June 27, 2006 (intellectual property rights)

Recognition of foreign judgments

Mijares v. Ranada ­GR 139325, April 12, 2005 (Alien
Torts Act)
 §2, Art.II cont’d 2…
Soft law
Pharmaceutical v. DOH ­GR 173034, October 9, 2007
(World Health Assemble Guidelines not a treaty)

Adherence to peace, freedom, amity

Other readings:
Llamzon, “The Generally Accepted Principles of
International Law as Philippine Law: Towards a
Structurally Consistent Use of Customary International
Law in Philippine Courts,” 47 Ateneo L.J. 243 (2002).
 §3, Art.II
Cases:
IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, 15 August 2000.
(Deployment of Marines)
Role of the AFP
 §§4,5 & 6, Art.II
Section 4

Section 5

Kilosbayan v. Morato – 246 SCRA 540 [1995] and

MR – 250 SCRA 130 [1995] (mere guidelines)

Section 6
 §7,8,9,10,11, Art.II
State Policies

Section 7
Lim v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No.151445, 11 April 2002. (President and
foreign relations) 

Section 8
Bayan v. Zamora, G.R.No. 138570, October 10, 2000 (cf. Section 2, Art.II)

Section 9

Section 10
Tondo Medical v. CA, 527 SCRA 746 [2007]. 

Section 11
 §12, Art.II
Family
Unborn
Roe v. Wade – 410 US 113 [1973] (right to life v. abortion policy)
Imbong v. Ochoa, GR 204819, April 8, 2014 (RH law)
Rights and Duty of Parents / Aid from Government
Meyer v. Nebraska – 262 US 390 [1922] (language)
Pierce v. Society of Sisters – 262 US 510 [1925] (public schooling)
Wisconsin v. Yoder – 40 LW 4476 [1972] (compulsory education)
Ginsberg v. New York – 390 US 629 [1968] (parens patriae)
Orceo v. COMELEC – GR 190779, March 26, 2010 (rights are not
absolute and can be restricted by government)
 §§13,14 & 15, Art.II
Section 13
Boy Scouts of the Philippines v. COA, GR No. 177131, June 7,
2011 (public purpose of BSP; cf. Sec. 1, Art.II)

Section 14
Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
The Magna Carta of Women (R.A. No. 9710)
Garcia v. Drilon, GR 173267, June 25, 2013

Section 15
Imbong v. Ochoa – GR 204819 [8 April 2014] (cf. Sec.12, Art.II)
 §16, Art.II
Section 16
Oposa v. Factoran – 224 SCRA 792 [1993] (inter­generational justice
and responsibility)
LLDA v. CA – 231 SCRA 292 [1994] and 251 SCRA 42 [1995]
(water pollution)
Resident Marine Mammals v. Secretary Reyes, GR 180771, April
21, 2015.
Paje v. Casino – 7499 SCRA 39
International Service v. Greenpeace, GR 209271, December 8, 2015
and MR, July 26, 2016 reversing 1st judgment.
West Tower v. PIC – 798 SCRA 292
LNL Archipelago v. Agham Party List, GR 2091651, April 12, 2016
 §§17,18,19,20,21, Art.II
Section 17
Section 18
Philippine National Bank v. Dan Padao ­GR 180849, November
2011 (economic significance of workforce)
Section 19
Garcia v. BOI – 191 SCRA 288 [1990]
Tañada v. Angara – 272 SCRA 18 [1997] (cf. preliminary issue,
Sec. 2, Art.II) (not isolationist policy)  
Section 20
Section 21
Gamboa v. Secretary of Finance ­GR 176579, June 28, 2011
 §§ 22,3,24 &25, Art.II
Section 22
Section 23
Section 24
Section 25
Navarro v. Executive Secretary ­GR 180050, 12 April
2011
Belgica v. Ochoa, G.R. 208566, November 19, 2013
(PDAF)
 §§26 & 27, Art.II
Section 26
Pamatong v. COMELEC – 427 SCRA 96 [2004]
Navarro v. Executive Secretary ­GR 180050, 12 April
2011 (cf. Sec.25, Art.II)
Belgica v. Ochoa, G.R. 208566, November 19, 2013
(PDAF) (cf. Sec.25, Art.II)

Section 27
Dimapilis­Baldoz v. COA, GR 199114, July 16, 2013
 §28, Art.II
Section 28
Neri v. Senate – GR 180643 [25 March 2008]
Gamboa v. Secretary of Finance ­GR 176579, June 28,
2011 (cf. Sec.21, Art.II)
Pollo v. Constantino­David ­GR 181881 (requirement of
privacy rights)
PS Bank v. Senate Impeachment Court ­GR 200238,
February 9, 2012 (secrecy of foreign currency deposit)
In Re: Production of Court Records ­February 14, 2012
(rule laid down for disclosure of court records)