Malnutrition

•Kwashiorkor
•Marasmus
•Cardiovascular diseases
•Rickets
 KWASHIORKOR
Do you know what Kwashiorkor is???
Kwashiorkor is a form
of malnutrition caused
by inadequate protein
intake in the presence
of fair to good energy
(total calories) intake.
KWASHIORKOR
What are the
symptoms?
•Failure to gain weight and failure of linear growth
•Irritability
•Lethargy or apathy
•Decreased muscle mass
•Swelling (edema)
•Large belly that stick out (protrudes)
•Diarrhea
•Dermatitis
•Hair changes -- hair colour may change, often
lightening or becoming reddish, thin, or brittle
•increased and more severe infections due to
damaged immune system
•Shock (late stage)
•Coma (late stage)
 Marasmus
Marasmus is…
a form of severe protein-energy malnutrition characterised
by energy deficiency

A child with marasmus looks emaciated and the body

weight may reduce to less than 80% of the normal weight
for that height.

Marasmus occurrence increases prior to age 1 whereas

Kwashiorkor occurrence increases after 18 months.
Symptoms??
• dry skin, loose skin folds hanging over
the glutei, axillae, etc
• Drastic loss of adipose tissue from
normal areas of fat deposits like
buttocks and thighs
• pigmented and depigmented hair
• flaky paint appearance of skin due to
peeling.
 Cardiovascular Diseases

What Are They??

A collection of diseases and
conditions affecting :
•The heart (cardio)
•Blood vessels (vascular)
– arteries, veins, and
capillaries
 Cardiovascular Diseases
• Coronary Artery Disease – a disease of
the arteries that supply the heart muscles with
blood

• Heart attack – a sudden heart failure

• Stroke – the sudden death of brain cells when

blood supply to the blood cells is cut off.

• High blood pressure – the excessive force

of blood pumping through the blood vessels.
 Rickets
Apa itu Rickets (What is
Rickets)? Rickets is a softening of the bones
in children potentially leading to
fractures and deformity. Rickets is
among the most frequent childhood
diseases in many developing
countries. The predominant cause is
a vitamin D deficiency, but lack of
adequate calcium in the diet may
also lead to rickets.
Symptoms of Rickets
• Bone pain or tenderness
• dental problems
• muscle weakness (rickety myopathy
or "floppy baby syndrome")
• increased tendency for fractures
(easily broken bones),
• Skeletal deformity
• Growth disturbance
• Hypocalcaemia (low level of
calcium in the blood), and
• Tetany (uncontrolled muscle
spasms all over the body).
• Craniotabes (soft skull)
That is All….
ByeBye