COLD AND HOT

WATER SUPPLY

SUBMITTED BY;
SUBMITTED TO; JATIN YADAV
AR. VISHAL JAIN JAISHWAR VISHAL BIKRAMAJEET
SOURCES OF WATER:
SURFACE SOURCES:
1. STREAMS
2. LAKES
3. PONDS
4. RIVERS
5. RESERVOIRS
6. STORED RAIN
WATER AND
CISTERNS

GROUND
SOURCES:
1. SPRINGS
2. WELLS
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM:
FOR EFFICIENT DISTRIBUTION IT IS REQUIRED THAT
WATER SHOULD REACH TO EVERY CONSUMER
WITH REQUIRED RATE OF FLOW.

PRESSURE IN PIPE LINE IS NECESSARY, WHICH

SHOULD FORCE THE WATER TO REACH AT EVERY
PLACE.
Pumping
System
Distribution system are
classified as :-
Dual
System

Gravity
System
GRAVITY SYSTEM

•WHEN SOME LAKE, RIVER, RESERVOIR SUFFICIENTLY HIGH ABOVE THE

CITY AREA IS AVAILABLE.
• WATER FLOWS IN MAINS DUE TO GRAVITATIONAL PULL, NO PUMPING
IS REQUIRED.
PUMPING SYSTEM

• WATER IS DIRECTLY PUMPED IN THE MAINS

•NUMBER OF PUMPS ARE REQUIRED TO WORK AT DIFFERENT TIME &
PRESSURE RATE IN A DAY
• IF POWER FAILS THE WHOLE SUPPLY WILL BE STOPPED

• PRESSURE MAINTAINED IN THE PIPE LINE IS BY PUMP

DUAL SYSTEM

• PUMP IS CONNECTED TO THE MAINS AS WELL AS TO THE ELEVATED RESERVOIR

• WHEN LESS WATER DEMAND - WATER IS STORED IN ELEVATED RESERVOIR
•WITH INCREASE INWATER DEMAND – WATER COMES FROM BOTH PUMPING STATION AS WELL AS
RESERVOIR
• MORE RELIABLE AND • DURING POWER FAILURE AND FIRE FIGHTING
ECONOMIC WATER STORED IN RESERVOIR CAN BE USED
• REQUIRE UNIFORM RATE OF
PLUMBING
•IS THE ART AND TECHNIQUE OF INSTALLING PIPES, FIXTURES & OTHER
APPARATUSES IN BUILDINGS & FOR BRINGING THE WATER SUPPLY,
LIQUIDS, & REMOVING THEM;

• FROM THE LATIN PLUMBUM FOR LEAD AS PIPES WERE ONCE MADE
FROM LEAD.

• REFERS TO A SYSTEM OF PIPES AND FIXTURES INSTALLED IN A

BUILDING FOR THE
DISTRIBUTION OF POTABLE WATER AND THE REMOVAL OF WATERBORNE
WASTES.
•SYSTEM INCLUDES ALL POTABLE WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
PIPES, ALL PLUMBING FIXTURES AND TRAPS;

•ALL SANITARY AND STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS; EG. ROOF DRAINS

AND DOWN SPOUTS
• AND ALL BUILDING DRAINS AND SEWERS, INCLUDING THE JOINTS
AND CONNECTIONS

• ALSO FUEL GAS PIPING; WATER HEATERS AND VENTS FOR SAME.
 SUPPLY PIPE FIXTURE DRAINAGE PIPE
PLUMBING CYLE
WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
CARRIES WATER FROM THE WATER SOURCE, STREET MAIN OR
VARIOUS POINTS IN THE BUILDING AT WHICH WATER IS USED.

WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS:

• COLD WATER SYSTEM

• HOT WATER SYSTEM

COLD WATER SYSTEM:

• COLD WATER SYSTEM PROVIDE WATER FOR THE
FOLLOWING PURPOSES.
▫ DRINKING PURPOSE
▫ COOKING PURPOSE
▫ SANITARY PURPOSE
▫ WASHING PURPOSE
▫ GARDENING
TYPES OF COLD WATER SYSTEM
TWO TYPES
DIRECT SYSTEM
INDIRECT SYSTEM

• DIRECT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

WATER IS SUPPLIED DIRECT FROM
MAINS TO FIXTURES
• INDIRECT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
WATER GOING TO OVERHEAD TANK AND
THEN THE WATER IS SUPPLIED TO
DIFFERENT FLOORS BY GRAVITY
DIRECT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES:
– SAVING IN PIPE WORK ESPECIALLY IN
MULTISTORY BUILDINGS.
– THIS IS DUE TO COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION
PIPE FROM THE CISTERN BEING OMITTED
– FRESH DRINKING WATER MAY BE OBTAINED AT
ANY
POINT

Disadvantages:
– THERE IS A DANGER OF FOUL WATER FROM
THE SANITARY FITTINGS BEING
SIPHONED BACK INTO THE MAIN WATER

– DURING PEAK PERIODS THERE IS A

TENDENCY FOR THE LOWERING OF
PRESSURE
INDIRECT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
ADVANTAGES:
– THERE IS NO RISK OF
BACK SIPHON AGE
WITH THIS SYSTEM
– THERE IS NO
TENDENCY OF PIPE
BURSTING DUE
TO THE LOW PRESSURE
IN THE PIPE WORK
– IN CASE OF AN
INTERRUPTIONIN THE
MAINS
SUPPLY THERE IS AN
ADEQUATE STORE OF
WATER
DISADVANTAGES:
• LONGER PIPE RUNS ARE
REQUIRED
PARTS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
1 - SERVICE PIPE
THE PIPE FROM THE WATER MAIN OR OTHER SOURCE OF POTABLE WATER
SUPPLY TO THE WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM OF THE BUILDING SERVED.
2 - DISTRIBUTION PIPE/ SUPPLY PIPE
A PIPE WITHIN THE STRUCTURE OR ON THE PREMISES WHICH CONVEYS
WATER FROM THE WATER SERVICE PIPE TO THE POINT OF UTILIZATION.

3 - RISER
A WATER SUPPLY PIPE THAT EXTENDS ONE FULL STORY OR MORE TO CONVEY
WATER TO BRANCHES OR TO A GROUP OF FIXTURES.

4 - FIXTURE BRANCH
THE WATER SUPPLY PIPE BETWEEN THE FIXTURE SUPPLY PIPE & THE WATER
DISTRIBUTING PIPE.
5 - FIXTURE SUPPLY
A WATER SUPPLY PIPE CONNECTING THE FIXTURE WITH THE FIXTURE
BRANCH.
TYPES OF PIPES AND JOINTS
PLASTIC PIPES

GALVANISED
IRON (G. I .
PIPES)

CAST IRON PIPES RCC SPUN PIPES COPPER PIPES LEAD PIPES
JOINTS
HOT WATER SUPPLY
Types of Hot
Water Supply
System

Localised Centralised Others

Instantaneous
Direct Indirect Solar heating
single points

Storage type Electric water Gas storage Boiler-cylinder Instantaneous With expansion
single heating heaters system system vessel
points

The multi-port Vented storage

The water-
jacketed tube Unvented
heater storage

All images and data credit to their

The combined
respective owners primary
storage unit
 LOCALISED HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 A SINGLE-POINT HEATER LOCATED ABOVE A SINK THAT HEATS UP
WATER.
 HEAT UP USING GAS AND ELECTRICITY

 INSTANTANEOUS SINGLE POINTS

 DOES NOT REQUIRE STORAGE AREA

 HEATING PROCESS BEGINS WHEN DESIRED

 STORAGE TYPE SINGLE POINTS

 HAVE A CAPACITY OF NO MORE THAN 15
LITRES
 HEATED BY ELECTRIC ELEMENT UNTIL WATER

HAS EXPANDED ENOUGH TO DISCHARGE

FROM DISCHARGE SPOUT
 CENTRALISED HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
 WATER IS HEATED IN A HOT STORAGE VESSEL, BOILER OR SMALL

GAS CIRCULATOR
 CONNECTED BY SUPPLY PIPEWORK AND CIRCULATORY
PIPEWORK
 WATER TEMPERATURE IN STORAGE VESSEL SHOULD NOT

EXCEED 60ºC
 TWO MAIN TYPES, I.E.:

○ DIRECT HOT WATER SUPPLY

○ INDIRECT HOT WATER SUPPLY

○ DIRECT HOT WATER SUPPLY
 HEATS UP WATER IN STORAGE CYLINDER AND TRANSFERS
HEAT DIRECTLY TO THE SURROUNDING WATER
 PRECIPITATION OF LIMESTONE MIGHT OCCUR WHICH
HAS A CHANCE TO CLOG THE BOILER AND PIPEWORKS
 ONLY SUITABLE TO USE IN AREAS OF SOFT WATER
 VARIOUS TYPES
- ELECTRIC WATER HEATING
- GAS STORAGE HEATERS
- BOILER-CYLINDER SYSTEM
- INSTANTANEOUS SYSTEM
- A) MULTI-POINT
- B) WATER-JACKETED TUBE HEATER (THERMAL STORAGE
SYSTEM)
- C) COMBINED PRIMARY STORAGE UNIT (CPSU)
CENTRALISED
DIRECT SYSTEM
CENTRALISED
INSTANTANEOUS
SYSTEM
 ○ INDIRECT HOT WATER SUPPLY
 CONSISTS OF AN EXPANSION, A CALORIFIER
(HOT WATER STORAGE VESSEL), AND A
HEAT EXCHANGER
 WATER FROM BOILER IN PRIMARY PIPEWORK
PASSES THROUGH CYLINDER CONTAINING HEAT
EXCHANGER TO HEAT UP WATER
 CLOSED CIRCULATION CAN PREVENT CLOGGING
 SECONDARY CIRCULATION IS REQUIRED TO
PREVENT DEAD LEGS
 VARIOUS TYPES:
- INDIRECT HOT WATER SYSTEM WITH
EXPANSION VALVE
- VENTED STORAGE HOT WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM
- UNVENTED STORAGE HOT WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM
Indirect Hot Water Vented Storage Hot Unvented Storage Hot
System with Water Supply System Water Supply System
Expansion Valve
Solar Hot Water
Supply System
 MORE COMPLICATED WHILE REQUIRED TO INSTALL AT HIGH
RISE BUILDING
 ENORMOUS PIPING SYSTEM REQUIRED
 FEW CONSIDERATIONS
 TYPE OF HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM TO BE INSTALLED
 MATERIALS FOR PIPE USED
 TYPES OF PIPE MATERIAL AVAILABLE
 COPPER

○ HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

○ LOWER COST AND HIGH AVAILABILITY

 CROSS-LINK POLYETHYLENE (PEX)

○ PLASTIC PIPE THAT ABLE TO WITHSTAND TEMPERATURE UP
TO 100ºC
○ SPEEDS UP INSTALLATION PROCESS SINCE
IT IS FLEXIBLE
POLYBUTYLENE (PB)
○ PLASTIC RESIN MATERIAL

○ LOW COST AND EASILY INSTALLED

○ NOT RESISTANT AGAINST

OXIDANTS
○ POOR CHEMICAL RESISTIVITY

 TWO MAIN CHOICES OF INSTALLING HOT WATER STORAGE

 HUGE STORAGE TANK TO BE INSTALLED ON TOP OF BUILDING

 INSTALLATION OF REASONABLE SIZED STORAGE TANKS EVERY 10TH LEVELS

 INSTALLATION OF ZONING VALVE

 INSTALLATION AT MAIN PIPE EACH FLOOR BEFORE

SEPARATED INTO EVERY ROOM

 ALLOWS EASIER MAINTENANCE

 MONITORING TEMPERATURE OF HOT WATER
 LARGER SCALE OF CIRCULATION IN HOTEL WHICH INCLUDES PRINCIPAL LOOP, SUBORDINATE
LOOPS, AND LOCALIZED LOOPS (TERTIARY LOOPS)
 CONDUCTED AT SENTINEL POINTS

 CARRIED OUT MONTHLY TO ENSURE HOT WATER IS SUPPLIED AT SUITABLE TEMPERATURE

 WATER SOFTENING
 CONDUCTED AT CONNECTION BETWEEN COLD WATER SUPPLY TO HOT WATER
SYSTEM TO PREVENT HEAVY DEPOSIT OF SCALE
 HEAVIER DEPOSITS CAN REDUCE FLOW SIGNIFICANTLY, CAUSE IMPACT OF EFFICIENCY OF SYSTEM
AND MAY LEAD TO MICROBIAL COLONIZATION
 INSPECTION OF CALORIFIERS
 INSPECTION TO BE CARRIED OUT INTERNALLY BY:
○ REMOVING INSPECTION HATCH

○ INSPECTION ON THE INITIAL FLUSH FOR CLARITY, QUANTITY OF DEBRIS,

TEMPERATURE
 SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT ANNUALLY AND FREQUENCY SHOULD INCREASES AS INDICATED BY RISK
ASSESSMENT OR RESULT OF INSPECTION TO BE UNSATISFYING
 CHLORINE INSPECTION
 CHLORINE IS USED FOR DISINFECTION PURPOSE
 SUITABLE CONCENTRATION RANGE IS 0.5 -1.0 MG PER LITER
 OVERDOSE WILL CAUSE HEALTH ISSUES TO USERS SUCH AS SKIN INFECTIONS, IRRITATIONS
 CARRIED OUT ANNUALLY

 Water Sample Inspection

 WATER SAMPLE AT FINAL OUTLETS SHOULD BE COLLECTED RANDOMLY ON A WEEKLY BASIS FOR
INSPECTION 20

 TO ENSURE HOT WATER SUPPLY CONTAINS NO CONTAMINATION AND EVERY ELEMENT AT

SUITABLE DOSAGE
 IF RESULT IS UNSATISFYING, FURTHER INSPECTION SHOULD BE CARRIED OUT ON
ENTIRE SYSTEM AND ESSENTIAL REPAIR SHOULD BE CONDUCTED
Comparison of Advantages between Indirect Water supply System & Direct Water Supply System

Indirect System Direct System

• Separate circuit for water drawn off at taps • Water through the boiler can be drawn off for the taps

•Used in hard water areas •Heat quicker

•Used when heating is combined within •Sealed primary circuit can be pumped
system or can circulate by natural convection

•Less maintenance cost •Adequate pressure on the main

• Saves the cost of a storage and expansion cistern and associated

pipework
 OPERATING SINCE 2010
 84 ROOMS
 UNIQUE IN-CAMPUS HOTEL DESIGN
 LOCALIZED INSTANTANEOUS WATER STORAGE HEATER
SYSTEM WAS USED
 WATER STORAGE HEATER INSTALLED IN EACH ROOM
 CAPABLE OF HOLDING 135 LITERS OF WATER
 RUNS ON ELECTRICITY
 BLUE ABS PIPE CARRIES
COOL WATER
 COPPER PIPE CARRIES HOT
WATER TO DRAW OFF POINTS
 STORED WATER HEATED BY
ELECTRIC ELEMENT
 COOL WATER REPLACE THE
DISCHARGED HOT WATER
 STANDARD TEMPERATURE IS
BETWEEN 60ºC TO 75ºC
 TEMPERATURE IS OBTAINED
USING THERMOSTAT
 PROBLEMS
 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY MIGHT
TRIP DUE TO OVERHEATING
 FAULTY THERMOSTAT WILL FAIL TO DETECT TEMPERATURE
AND CAUSES WATER TO BE OVERHEATED
 OPERATING SINCE JULY, 1983
 TOTAL OF 726 GUESTROOMS
AND SUITES
 LOCATED AT 2 CHAROEN
KRUNG SOI 30, SIPHYA,
BANGRAK, BANGKOK, 10500,
THAILAND
 ORIGINALLY, IT USES HOT WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM THAT’S MADE UP OF 2
BOILERS

 EACH BOILER CAPABLE OF PRODUCING 5 TONS PER HOUR

 AVERAGE CONSUMPTION ABOUT 2,000 LITER PER DAY

 5 HOT WATER GENERATORS WERE INSTALLED

 TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED AT AROUND 55ºC

 AVERAGE CONSUMPTION ABOUT 95M3 PER DAY AT 70% OCCUPANCY
 RISING OF PRICE OF FUEL CAUSES THEM TO SWITCH TO SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM
 SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM CONSISTS OF:
 360M2 FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTORS

 TWO HOT WATER STORAGE TANKS

○ EACH TANK HAS A CAPACITY OF 23,000 LITERS

 CIRCULATION PUMPS

 CONTROL SYSTEM
 CAPABLE OF PRODUCING 24,000 LITERS OF WATER AT AN AVERAGE TEMPERATURE OF 55ºC PER
DAY
 DIFFERENTIAL THERMOSTAT IS USED TO DETERMINE THE USAGE OF CIRCULATION PUMPS
 HOT WATER FROM STORAGE TANK FLOWS INTO HOT WATER GENERATORS AND DISCHARGES INTO HOT
WATER PIPING SYSTEM
 5 UNITS OF HEAT PUMP FOR ADDITIONAL HOT WATER SUPPLY ARE INSTALLED TO ENSURE ENOUGH
SUPPLY
 EACH UNIT CAPABLE OF PRODUCING 2,000 LITER OF HOT WATER AT 50ºC

 OPERATES WHEN TEMPERATURE IN STORAGE TANK IS BELOW A SET

POINT, USUALLY DURING EVENING AND NIGHT

Schematic Diagram of Solar Water Heating System Used

Heat Pumps Installed at Rooftop