Navier-Stokes Equation and Transport Phenomena Analysis

Transport Phenomena
-Navier-Stokes’ Equation
Ming-Hua Ho
2009/10
Transport Phenomena, MH Ho, 2008
Outlines
• Divergence Theorem and Reynolds
Transport Theorem
• The Solution of Navier-Stokes’ Equation
• 1D Flow System
• Unsteady State Flow System
109/10/11 2
Basic concept
Divergence Theorem
 
Review: Dv v  
  v  v
Dt t
Divergence theorem
  
 (v )dV   n  vdS
V S


V
(  )dV   dS
n
S
  
 (  )dV   n  dS
V S
109/10/11 3
Basic concept
Divergence Theorem
109/10/11 4
Basic concept
Reynolds Transport Theorem
(Leibnite Rule)
b (t ) b
d f db da
(  f ( x, t )dx)   dx  f (b(t ), t )  f (a (t ), t )
dt a ( t ) a
t dt dt
d   
(   ( x, y, z , t )dV )   dV   v  ndS
dt V V
t S
d  
(   ( x, y, z , t )dV )  [    (v  )]dV
dt V V
t
109/10/11 5
Basic concept
Reynolds Transport Theorem
(Leibnite Rule)
Let V0 be the volume associated with Vt as a function of
t at time lowercase t=0
d   
(   ( x, y, z , t )dV )   dV   v  ndS
dt V V
t S
109/10/11 6
Basic concept
Conservation of Mass
d  
(   ( x, y, z , t )dV )  [    (v  )]dV
dt V V
t
d  
(  dV )  [    ( v )]dV
dt V V
t
d dM
(  dV )  0
dt V dt
 
   ( v )  0
t

v  0
109/10/11 7
Basic concept
Analysis of Forces
 d  
 F  dt ( v dV )   adV
V V
 
 F   t dS
S
t x  nxTxx  n yTyx  nzTzx

      
t  n  T  ni i  Tkj k  j  niTij j t y  nxTxy  n yTyy  nzTzy
t z  nxTxz  n yTyz  nzTzz
109/10/11 8
Basic concept
Analysis of Forces - Surface Force

Pressure
 Txz   - P 0 0 
  Txx Txy
  
TP   Tyx Tyy Tyz    0 - P 0 
T Tzy Tzz   0 0 - P 
 zx
      
t p  n  T  ni i  Tkj k  j  niTij j
      
t p  ni i  (-P) kj k  j  ni ik  kj ( P) j   Pni i   Pni
Total Stress
  
T  -P - 
109/10/11 9
Analysis of Forces
 d      
 F  dt ( v dV )   adV   (n  T)dS   adV   (  T)dV
V V S V V
 
 ( v ) v   
    v v  ]dV  [   v    v   v  v ]dV
   
[  v
V
t V
t t
 
v   
  adV   (  T)dV

V
[ 
t
 v   v ]dV
V V
 
v   
  v  v  a    T
t
   
  T  -  (P ) -    -P -  

v    
  v  v  a - P -  
t
109/10/11 10
Basic concept
Analysis of Fluid System
dM
0
dt
 
F  ma
 
T  TT
   
 P     P   T
  T
 
 
  v
109/10/11 11
Basic concept
 
  v
 
  f (v )
 1   1  
v  (v  (v )T )  (v  (v )T ) v x 2 
2 2  xx  2  (   k )(  v )
 1   T x 3
S  (v  (v ) ) v 2 
2  yy  2 y  (   k )(  v )
  y 3
  f (S )
v 2 
 zz  2 z  (   k )(  v )
z 3
  2   v v
  2S  (   k )(  v )  xy   yx    ( x  y )
3 y x
v z
 yz   v v
 xz   zx    ( x  z )
y z x
v v
 yz   zy    ( y  z )
109/10/11 z y 12
Basic concept
  2  
  2S  (   k )(  v )
3 
  
  2S (  v  0)
 2
     v   v
-      [v  (v )T ]
 T     v j  vi  
  [(v ) ]   i  [ j k ]  k  (  v )
xi xk xi xk
   
-     2 v  (  v )   2 v

v  0

Dv  
  a - P   2 v
Dt
109/10/11 13
Basic concept
Poiseuille Flow
Derive the equation giving the velocity
distribution at steady state for laminar flow of a
constant viscosity flowing through a long pipe. The
velocity profile described is at a point far from the
inlet or out of the channel. The pipe wall will be
considered to be fixed and infinite length, with the
flow driven by the pressure gradient in the z
direction. The fluid is Newtonian.
109/10/11 14
Basic concept
Poiseuille Flow - Assumptions
r
z
Assumptions:
– Isothermal
– Newtonian fluid
– Laminar flow
– Steady state
– One dimensional flow
109/10/11 15
Basic concept
Poiseuille Flow - Solution
vz≠ vz(z)
vz= vz(r)
Z component
v z v z v  v z v z  1  v z 1  2vz 2vz
(  vr   vz )  [ (r )  2 ]
t r r  z z r r r r2  2
z
 1  v z
 [ (r )]
z r r r
109/10/11 16
Basic concept


r component 0
r
1 
θ component 0
r 
 d 1  v z
  [ (r )]
z dz r r r
d 2 1 1  v z
  [ (r )]
dz z 2  z1 r r r
2 1 dv z
 L rdr   d(r dr )
109/10/11 17
Basic concept

1 2 1 2 dv z
r  C1  r
2 L dr
v z
B.C. r =0 0
r
1 2 1 2
r  C2  v z
4 L
B.C. r =R vz  0
1 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 R 2 1 2 r 2

vz  R  r  [1 ( ) ]
4 L 4 L 4 L R
109/10/11 18
Basic concept

2 R
 vz 
 0 v rdrd (  )R
0

z
1 2
2
2 R
8L
  0
rdrd
0
(  ) R 4

Q  v z  R  
2 1 2
8L
θ
r   P  gz sin 
z R 2 1 2 r 2
vz  [1 ( ) ]
4 L R
109/10/11 The angle of inclination is disguised in  19
Resolve Ex. 2.2
Falling Film - Assumption

Assumptions:
– Isothermal
– Newtonian fluid
– Laminar flow
– Steady state

(?)  0
t
vx=vy=0, vz=vz(x,y,z, t)
109/10/11 20
Resolve Ex. 2.2
Falling Film - Solution
vz≠ vz(z)
vz= vz(x)
Z component
v z v z v z v z P  2vz  2vz 2vz
(  vx  vy  vz )  ( 2  2  2 )  g cos 
t x y z z x y z
P 2vz
0   2  g cos 
z x
109/10/11 21
Resolve Ex. 2.2

P
x component 0    g sin 
x
P
y component 0
y
P  gx sin   f ( y, z)
P  gx sin   Patm
P 2vz
0   2  g cos 
z x
109/10/11 22
Resolve Ex. 2.2

dv z g cos 
  C1
dx 
dv z
B.C. x =0   0  
dx
dv z g cos  g cos  2
 vz   x  C2
dx  2
B.C. x =δ vz  0
g cos  x
vz   [1 ( ) 2 ]
2 
109/10/11 23
p. 95 Ex.3.6-5
Axial Flow in Spherical Sys.
• A solid sphere of radius R is rotating slowly at
a constant angular velocity Ω in a large body
of quiescent fluid. Develop expressions for the
pressure and velocity distribution in the fluid
and for the torque Tz required to maintain the
motion.
109/10/11 24
p. 95 Ex.3.6-5
Axial Flow in Spherical Sys.
- Assumption
Assumptions:
– Isothermal
– Newtonian fluid
– Laminar flow / Creeping flow
– Steady state

(?)  0
t
vθ=vr=0, vФ =vФ (r,θ, Ф ,t)
109/10/11 25
p. 95 Ex.3.6-5
Axial Flow in Sphere - Solution

 1 
v  0 (v  )  0 v   f ()
r sin  
1  2 v  1  1 
Ф component 0  2 (r ) 2 ( ( v  sin ))
r r r r  sin  

r component  0
r
v cot 
2
1 
θ component   0
r r 
1 
 0
r 
109/10/11 26
p. 95 Ex.3.6-5

B.C. r =0 v r  v   0 , v   R sin 
r →∞ vr  0 , v  0 , v  0
Assume v  f (r )  h( )
B.C. r =0 v  R sin   f (r ) r  R  R
r →∞ v  0  f (r ) r   0
109/10/11 27
p. 95 Ex.3.6-5

Assume v  f (r )  h( ) v  f (r )   sin 
1  2 v  1  1 
0  2 (r ) 2 ( ( v  sin ))
r r r r  sin  
d 2 df
(r )  2f  0
dr dr
Assume f (r )  Ci r n
109/10/11 28
p. 95 Ex.3.6-5

f (r )  Ci r n
n=2 or -1
C2
f (r )  C1r  2
r
R2
f (r ) 
r
R
v  R( ) sin 
r
109/10/11 29
Basic concept
Tangential and Axial Flow
109/10/11 30
Homework
Ex. 3.6-1
Axial Flow - Assumption
Assumptions:
r – Isothermal
– Newtonian fluid
g z – Laminar flow
– Steady state
r =kR vz  0 
(?)  0
t
r =R vz  0
vr=v =0, vz=vz (r,θ,z,t)
109/10/11 31
p. 89 Ex.3.6-3
Tangential Flow - Assumption

Assumptions:
r – Isothermal
– Newtonian fluid
g z vθ – Laminar flow
– Steady state

(?)  0
 v t
v  0 0
 vr=vz=0, vθ=vθ (r,θ,z,t)
109/10/11 32
p. 89 Ex.3.6-3
Tangential Flow - Solution

2
v 
r component -  r   r
1  d 1 d
θ component  ( (rv ))
r  dr r dr

z component 0
z
1  d 1 d
 ( ( rv ))  f (r )
r  dr r dr
( , r )  (  2 , r )
109/10/11 33
p. 89 Ex.3.6-3
  f ( r )    h( r )
  f (r )   h(r )  f (r )  (  2 )  h(r )
  f (r , )
d 1 d
θ component 0 ( (rv ))
dr r dr
109/10/11 34
p. 89 Ex.3.6-3
d 1 d
 ( (rv ))  0
dr r dr
1 C2
v  C1r 
2 r
( o -  i k 2 )r ( o -  i )k 2 R 2
v  2

1- k (1 - k 2 )r
2
v 
-
r

r
1 -2 
109/10/11 35
Basic concept
Radial Flow
Follow fiber
- higher yield, direct scalability & greater SA
109/10/11 36
Basic concept
Radial Flow - Assumption

Assumptions:
– Isothermal
– Newtonian fluid
z
g r – Laminar flow
– Steady state

(?)  0
t
vθ=vz=0, vr=vr (r,θ,z,t)
109/10/11 37
Basic concept
Radial Flow - Solution

v  0 1  (rv r )
0
r r
 (rv r ) rv r  Const.  A
0
r
A
vr 
r
A Q Q
 2rL  Q A vr 
r 2L 2rL
109/10/11 38
Basic concept
Q
vr  N-S Eqn.
2rL
109/10/11 39
Basic concept
r component vr  d 1 d
vr   [ ( (rvr ))]
r r dr r dr
θ component 
0


z component 0
z
d A2
 3
dr r
109/10/11 40
Basic concept
Radial Flow for Short Cylinder -
Assumption
Assumptions:
– Isothermal
z – Newtonian fluid
g r 2H –
Laminar flow
– Steady state

(?)  0
t
vθ=vz=0, vr=vr (r) v=vz=0, vr=vr (r,θ,z,t)
109/10/11 41
Basic concept
Radial Flow for Short Cylinder
- Solution
 1 
v  0 (rvr )  0
r r
B.C. z =H vr  0
z =-H vr  0
vr   1   2 vr
r component vr   [ ( (rvr ))  2 ]
r r r r r z

θ component 0


z component 0
z
109/10/11 42
Basic concept

v r d 2vr
v r   2
r dr z
d  2 vr
  2  const.
dr z
 d2A  z2
 C1 A( z )  C1 (1  2 )
r z 2
H
109/10/11 43
Basic concept

3Q 1 z2
vr  (1  2 )
8H r H
d  2 vr 3Q 1
 2 -
dr z 4H 3 r
109/10/11 44
Basic concept
Method 1
vr
v r I
3Q 1 z 2 r
vr  (1  2 )
8H r H
 2 vr
 2 V
z
vr 9Q 1 z2
I vr  (1  2 )
r 64 H r
2 2 3
H
 2 vr 3Q 1 1
-
V  2 4H r H 2
z
109/10/11 45
Basic concept

9Q 1 z2
 (1  2 )
I QH 2
 64 H r
2 2 3
H C
V -
3Q 1 1 r
4H r H 2
QH 2 QH H

r  r
109/10/11 46
Basic concept
• Method 2
vr U
vr U
r Ri
RUH H
 2 vr U  Ri
 2 
z H2
109/10/11 47
Basic concept
Radial Flow - Assumption

Assumptions:
z
– Isothermal
2H – Newtonian fluid
g r
– Laminar flow
– Steady state
vr=vz=0, vθ=vθ (r,θ,z,t)
109/10/11 48
Basic concept
Radial Flow– Dimensional Analysis

v r d 2vr
v r   2
r dr z
vr r  z
vr *  r*  *  z* 
U R 0 H
109/10/11 49
Basic concept

* *
U * v r
2
0 d U  v r
* 2
[vr ]  2
R r *
R dr *
H z*2
The difference between true values and characteristic

values (U, R, H and P0 ) would lies in 0~10.
U 2
R  UH H
U  R
H2
109/10/11 50
Basic concept

U 2
R  UH H  1
U  R
H2
* *
U 2
* v r 0 d U  v r
* 2
[v r ]  2
R r *
R dr *
H z*2
U 2 0
 0  U 2
R R
109/10/11 51
Basic concept

U 2
R  UH H  1
U  R
H2
* *
U 2
* v r 0 d U  v r
* 2
[v r ]  2
R r *
R dr *
H z*2
0 U UR
 2 0  2
R H H
109/10/11 52
Basic concept
Growing Bubble in Fluid
As Pi>P∞, R(t)↑ & Pi(t)↓
vθ=vФ=0, vr=vr (r,t)
 1  2
v  0 (r v r )  0
r r
2
A( t )
vr  2
r
At r = R(t), vr = dR/dt = R’
A( t )  R 2 R 
109/10/11 53
Basic concept
Creeping Flow
~ Flow with very low velocity
~ Flow with low Reynolds number (Re<<1)
~ A very viscous flow

v   2
(  v  v)  -   v
t

 v t  x y z
v*  t*  *  x*, y*, z*  , ,
U T 0 L L L

1 v *   1 1 2 
 v *  * v*)  -  **  * v*
St t * Ru Re
109/10/11 54
Basic concept
Dimensionless in N-S Equation

TU
St  Strouhal number
L
U 2
Ru  Ruark number
P0
UL
Re  Reynolds number

109/10/11 55
Dimensionless Analysis for Basic concept
Creeping Flow
TU
St 
L
For transient prob., T ≈ L/U, so St ≈1
For oscillating prob., T ≈ 1/w, so St = U/wL
UL
Re 

109/10/11 56
Basic concept
v r v r  1 2 2
r component (  vr )  ( 2 2 (r v r ))
t r r r r
In r direction, the viscous force is not significant
R2
v r  2 R  and r →∞,P=P∞
r
v r 2R (R ' ) 2  R 2 R ' '

t r2
v r  2R 4 (R ' ) 2
vr 
r r5
2R ( R ' ) 2  R 2 R ' ' 2R 4 ( R ' ) 2 P
[  ]
r 2
r 5
r
109/10/11 57
Basic concept
P r
1 2R ( R ' ) 2  R 2 R ' ' 2R 4 ( R ' ) 2

 P
dP   [

r 2

r 5
]  dr
  (R ) 2 R 4 R R 2  2R (R ) 2
  ( ) 
  2 r r
109/10/11 58
Basic concept
Pi PR Pi=PR
Pi PR Pi=PR+2σ/R
ΣF = 0
Pi PR
109/10/11 59
Basic concept

ΣF = Pi-PR - rr,liq - 2σ/R = 0
v r 4R 
 rr  2 r R 
r R
R  (R ) 2
   R R  2(R ) 2 at r = R
  2
2 4R  3
at r = R i    ( R R  (R ) 2 ) 
R R 2
109/10/11 60
p. 89 Ex.3.6-3
Cylindrical Viscosity Meter
vr=vz=0
vθ=vθ (r, θ, z, t)
B

v  0
v
0

θ component
1   1  2 v
 [ ( (rv  ))  2 ]
r  r r r z
109/10/11 61
p. 89 Ex.3.6-3

1   1  2 v
 [ ( ( rv  ))  2 ]
r  r r r z
1   1   2v
 [ ( (rv ))  2 ]  h(r , z )
r  r r r z

 rh ( r , z )  f (r , z )

  f (r , z )   g (r , z )  f (r , z )  (  2 )  g (r , z )

f (r, z)  0  0

109/10/11 62
p. 89 Ex.3.6-3

 1  2v
( (rv  ))  2  0
r r r z
B.C. z =0 v  0
z =B v   r
r =0 v  0
Guess h(r) = r B.C. z =0 f ( z)  0
z =B f ( z)  1
r =0 v  0
109/10/11 63
p. 89 Ex.3.6-3

Assume v   r  f (z)
 2 v d 2f
0 0 2 0 2
z dz
f = C1z+C2 B.C. z =0, f 0
f = z/B z =B, f 1
z
v   r
B
109/10/11 64
p. 89 Ex.3.6-3

The torque for lower plate ?
v  1 v 
 z z 0  [  ]
z r 
R
1 R 4
    z z 0 2r 2dr  
0
2 B
109/10/11 65
Basic Concept
Cone and Plate Viscometer

z 
(?)  0
t
θ r vθ=vr=0, vФ =vФ (r,θ, Ф ,t)
θ1
 1  v   f ()
v  0 (v  )  0
r sin  
1  1  2 v  1  1 
 [ 2 (r ) 2 ( ( v  sin ))]
r sin   r r r r  sin  
1  2 v  1  1 
(r ) 2 ( ( v  sin ))  0
r r
2
r r  sin  
109/10/11 66
Basic Concept

1  2 v  1  1 
(r ) 2 [ ( v  sin )]  0
r r
2
r r  sin  
B.C. r =0 v  0
θ =π/ 2 v  0
θ = θ1 v   r sin 1
d 1 d
2h  [ (h sin )]  0
d sin  d
d 2h
 2 h  h csc 2
0
d 2
109/10/11 67
Basic Concept

d2h h  a 1 sin   b1 cos 
h 0
d 2
Assume h( )  e 
2 e   e   0
  i h1 ( )  e i h2 ( )  e i
From Maclaurin expansions of e, cos() and sin()
e i  cos   i sin 
e i  cos   i sin 
109/10/11 68
Basic Concept

h( )
 C1h1 ( )  C2 h2 ( )
 C1 cos   C1i sin   C2 cos   C2i sin 
 (C1  C2 ) cos   (C1  C2 )i sin 
 
 C1 cos   iC 2 sin 
h3 ( )  cos  h4 ( )  sin 
h  a 1 sin   b1 cos 
109/10/11 69
Basic Concept

h  a 1 sin   b1 cos 
 sin 1
h cos 
cos 1
 
sin(   ) 
sin 1 cos  2
v  r  r  r 2
cos 1  
sin(  1 )  1
2 2
109/10/11 70
Basic Concept

sin   v  1 v 
   [ ( ) ]

2 r  sin  r sin  
R
2  R 3
2 R 3
     2r 2 dr   
0

2

3  3 0
1
2

     r

2 0

r 
0
109/10/11 71
Basic Concept

For non-newtonian fluid ?
Homework
109/10/11 72
Homework
• 3B.4
• 3B.5
• 3B.8
• 3B.10
109/10/11 73
p.115, Ex.4.1-1
Stokes 1st Problem
• A semi-infinite body of liquid with
constant density and viscosity is
bounded below by a horizontal surface
(the xz-plane). Initially the fluid and the
solid are at rest. Then at time t=0, the
solid surface is set in motion in the
positive x direction with velocity v0. find
the velocity vx as a function of y and t.
There is no pressure gradient or gravity
force in the x direction, and the flow is
presumed to be laminar.
109/10/11 74
p.115, Ex.4.1-1
Stokes 1st Problem
vy  0
vz  0
v x  f ( x , y, z , t )
v x
0
x
v x 2vx Laplace Transform

 2
t y
Combination of Variables
I.C. t=0, vx=0
B.C. y=0, vx=v Dimensional Analysis
y→∞, vx=0
109/10/11 75
p.115, Ex.4.1-1
Stokes 1st Problem
vx
By dimensionless process 
v
v x 2vx
 2
t y
  2 I.C. t=0, Ф=0

 2
t y B.C. y=0, Ф=1
y→∞, Ф=0
Ф = f(y,t) Ф = f(η) η = yta
η = f(y,t)
109/10/11 76
p.115, Ex.4.1-1
Stokes 1st Problem
 d  d  a 1 d
( )y  ( )y  a  yt
t d t d t d
 d  a d
( )t  ( )t  t
y d y d
 2 d 2

( 2 )t  t 2a
y d2 1
a
d  t d 
2a 2 2 d d 2
 2  2  0
d t a d2 d d
109/10/11 77
p.115, Ex.4.1-1
Stokes 1st Problem
t= 0, η →∞
I.C. t=0, Ф=0 y= 0, η =0
y →∞, η →∞ η →∞, Ф=0
B.C. y=0, Ф=1
η =0, Ф=1
y→∞, Ф=0
d

d
d  2 d
 2  0 e 
d d
  e  2
d
109/10/11 78
p.115, Ex.4.1-1
109/10/11 79
p.115, Ex.4.1-1
Stokes 1st Problem

2
   e  
2
2
d  1 e d  1 erf ()
0
y
  1 erf ( )
4 t
109/10/11 80
p.115, Ex.4.1-1
Stokes 1st Problem
y

4 t
y (position)

δ (effective range for momentum)
( t )
The dimensionless group of time =
t
t
t
Dt
109/10/11 81
Basic Concept
Transient Flow in a Circular Pipe
R vr  0
v  0
t v z  f (r, , z, t )
v z  1  v z 0 L 1  v z
   (r )  (r )
t z r r r L r r r
I.C. t=0, vz=0
v z
B.C. r=0, 0
r
r=R, vz=0
109/10/11 82
Basic Concept
r vz t
  
R v0 t0
v 0  0 L v 0 1  
  2 ( )
t 0  L R   
v 0 v 0 R2
 2 t0 
t0 R 
(0 L )R 2
v0 
4L
109/10/11 83
Basic Concept
 1   I.C. =0, Ф =0
 4 ( )
    
B.C. ξ =0, 0

ξ =1, Ф =0
 ( , )   ( )  t ( , )
 =∞ → Steady state
1   
4 ( )0 B.C. ξ =0, 0
      1  2
ξ =1, Ф∞ =0
109/10/11 84
Basic Concept
(, )   ()   t (, )  1  2   t (, )
 t 1   t
 ( )0 =0, Ф = Ф ∞- Ф t= 0
     t
ξ =0, 0

ξ =1, Фt =0
t ( , )  T ( ) F ( )
1
1 F   F
T ( ) F ( )  [ F ( )  F ( )] T ( ) T 
   -
T F
109/10/11 85
Basic Concept
1
T   T  0 and F   F   F  0

  k2 T ( )  ce  k 2
 2 F   F   k 2 2 F  0
F ( )  AJ 0 (k )
 k 2
tk ( , )  ak J 0 (k )e
tk (1, )  ak J 0 (k )e  k 2
0 k  zn
109/10/11 86
Basic Concept
 z n 2
tn ( , )  an J 0 ( z n )e 0

t ( , )   an J 0 ( zn )e  z n 2
n 1

t ( ,0)   an J 0 ( z n )  1   2
n 1
1  1
  (1   2
) J 0 ( z m )d   an  J 0 ( z n )J 0 ( z m )d
0 n 1 0
1
∵  J
0
0 ( z n ) J 0 ( z m )d  0 if n  m
109/10/11 87
Basic Concept
1  1
∴   (1   2
) J 0 ( z m )d   m  0 m d
a
n 1
 [J ( z  )]2
0 0
1
    ) J 0 ( z m )d
2
(1
am  0
1
 0 m d
  2
[ J ( z )]
0
2
zm   n

J 0 ( n )
  (1   )  8 3
2
 e  n
n 1  n  J 1 ( n )
109/10/11 88
p.120, Ex.4.1-3
Stokes 2nd Problem
• A semi-infinite body of liquid is bounded on
one side by a plane surface (the xz-plane).
Initially the fluid and solid are at rest. At time
t=0 the solid surface is made to oscillate
sinusoidally in the x direction with amplitude X0
and circular frequency .
109/10/11 89
p.120, Ex.4.1-3
Stokes 2nd Problem
w=2πf
vy  0
vz  0
v x  f ( x , y, z , t )
v x
U0coswt 0
x
v x 2vx B.C. y=0, vx=U0coswt

 2
t y
y→∞, vx=0
109/10/11 90
p.120, Ex.4.1-3
Stokes 2nd Problem
Method 1: Normalization
y
vx y* 
vx *  t*  wt 
U0
  t

y 
y*  w

v x 2vx v x * U 0  2 v x *
 2 wU 0  2
t y t *  y *2
109/10/11 91
p.120, Ex.4.1-3
Stokes 2nd Problem
Method 2 (BSL p.120)
v x  f ( y )  cos(wt)
v x  f ( y )  e iwt  f ( y )  (cos wt  i sin wt )

Physical meaning v x  R{ f ( y )  e }
iwt
v x  2vx
 R{ f ( y )  iw  e iwt } 
 R{ f ( y )  e }
iwt
t y 2
109/10/11 92
p.120, Ex.4.1-3
Complex Number y (imag)
z=x+iy
z  r cos   ir sin  r
( z ) n  r cos(n )  ir sin(n ) 
Euler formula x (real)
e i  cos   i sin 
i
z  re
cos wt  i sin wt  e iwt

v x  R{ f ( y )  (cos wt  i sin wt )}  R{ f ( y )  e iwt }
109/10/11 93
p.120, Ex.4.1-3
Stokes 2nd Problem
d 2 f iw
  f 0
dy 2

B.C. y = 0, f = U0
y → 0, f = 0
iw iw 1 w 1 w
y  y (1 i ) y  (1 i ) y
f  C1e 
 C2 e 
 C1e 2 
 C2 e 2 
109/10/11 94
p.120, Ex.4.1-3
Stokes 2nd Problem
1 w 1 w
(1 i ) y  (1 i ) y
f  C1e 2 
 C2e 2 
B.C. y = 0, f = U0 C1=0 and C2=U0

y → 0, f = 0
1 w
 (1 i ) y
f  U0e 2 
v x  R{ f ( y )  e iwt }
109/10/11 95
p.120, Ex.4.1-3
Stokes 2nd Problem
1 w
 (1 i ) y
v x  R{U 0 e 2 
 e iwt }
w w
 y i ( wt  y)
v x  R{U 0 e 2
e 2
}
w
 y w
v x  U0e 2
cos( wt  y)
2
109/10/11 96
p.120, Ex.4.1-3
Stokes 2nd Problem
w
k
2
v x  U 0 e  ky cos( wt  ky)
If y=0, the amplitude of vibration is U0
If y→∞, the amplitude of vibration is 0
w w↑, k↑
k
2 ν ↓, k↑
109/10/11 97
p.120, Ex.4.1-3
Stokes 2nd Problem
vx
vx *   e  ky cos(wt  ky)
U0
1 2
 
k w
109/10/11 98
Homework
• 4B.1
109/10/11 99

Navier-Stokes Equation and Transport Phenomena Analysis

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Navier-Stokes Equation and Transport Phenomena Analysis

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