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Digestive system
Gastrointestinal tract:
• ____________.
• _______________________________.
• It has the following parts: ________, _________,
____________,___________,_________,_________.
• ___________________________________________
___________________.
• ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
__________________________.
Digestive system
Gastrointestinal tract:
• 8 metres long.
• Stars in the mouth and ends in the anus.
• It has the following parts: Oral cavity, pharynx,
oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large
intestine.
• A mucus membrane covers the gastrointestinal tract,
when this layer contract they push food down.
• The mucosa in the stomach and the intestine contain
gland that produce protective mucus and digestive
juices.
Digestive system
Accesory glands
_______________________________________
__________.
• ___________:________________________.
• _________:____________________________
___________________.
• _________:____________________________
______________.
Digestive system
Accesory glands
Release their substances into the digestive
system.
• Salivary glands: Saliva is released
• The liver: Releases substances into the
intestine.
• Pancreas: Releases substances into the
intestine.
Digestion
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________.
• ________________:_____________________
________________.
• _________________:____________________
_________________________________.
Digestion
Digestion is the process by wich foods are
transformed into simpler substances (Nutrients),
so they can be used by our cells.
• Mechanical process: Chewing and muscular
action.
• Chemical processes: Performed by digestive
enzymes, chemical reactions occur.
Digestion: Mouth
• Prepare the food inside the mouth
Digestion: Salivation
• ______________________________________
____________________.
Functions:
• _____________________________________.
• _____________________________.
• _____________(________________________
_________)
Digestion: Salivation
• Saliva is a watery liquid released by the
salivary glands.
Functions:
• It sarts the digestion of starch molecules
• It destroys some bacteria
• It eases the bolus (Helps to pass thanks to the
mokus)
Chewing
_______________________________________
_____________________.
_______________________________________
_______________________________.
________: _____
_________: _______
__________ and _________: _______
Chewing
Food is crushed into smaller pieces to facilitate
their digestion.
Teeth are responsable of crushing, they are very
hard and made of calcium and fluorine.
Incisors: Cut
Canine: Tear
Premolar and molar: Crush
Swallowing
• ______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
__________.
Swallowing
• Begins once the bolus has formed. The tongue
pushes the bolus to the pharynx, from there it
goes to the oesophagus which ends in the
stomach.
Digestive process in the stomach
• ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
_____________________________.
• ________________________________________________
_______________________________________________.
• _____________________________________________.
• ________________________________________________
___________________________________________.
• ________________________________________________
________________________________________________
____________________________________.
• _____________________________________________.
Digestive process in the stomach
• The downward movement of the bolus in the oesophagus is
performed by the contraction of two muscle layers;
peristaltic movement.
• Separating the stomach and the oesophagus is Cardia and
separating the stomach and the small intestine is pylorus.
• Bolus enter in the stomach and mix with gastric juices.
• Gatric juice is made of Pepsin (Break proteins) and
Hydrochloric acid (Destroy bacteria)
• After food has mixed with gastric juice it becomes chyme.
Food stays in the stomach and more acid is add, when it
has a high level of acidity it enters in the small intestine
• Fats stay 4 hours and proteins 3hours
Digestive process in the small intestine
• ______________________________________
______________________________________
________________________.
3 sections:
• __________:____________,_____________.
• _________:____________,_______________.
• ________:_____________,_____________.
Digestive process in the small intestine
_______________________________________
________. 3 parts:
• _________.
• _________.
• _________: ___________________.
_______________________________________
_____________________________________.
Digestive process in the large intestine
• _____________:_______________________________
_____________________________________________
___.
• ________:____________________________________.
• _____________, ________________.
Respiratory System
Obtain oxygen from the air and provides it to
the blood.
2 parts:
• Respiratory tract: Made up of tubes that
collect oxigen. Inside larynx there are the
vocal cords, that create sound.
• Lungs: This is where gas exchange takes place.
• Also small hairs, mucus and capillaries.
Respiratory tract
______________________________________________________
_____________:
• ___________:
_________________________________________________.
• ___________:
______________________________________________________
_______________________.
• ___________:________________________________________
_________________
• ___________:________________________________________
____.
• __________________:_________________________________
_______..
Respiratory tract
When air enters the lungs needs to be clean humid and warm,
Respiratory tract:
• Nasal cavity: Internal wall that has several capillaries and warms
up the air.
• Pharinx: on the side walls of the pharinx there are tonsils that
produce white blood cells.
• Larynx: In the entry there is a fibrous estructure called
epiglottis.
• Trachea: There is a mucus inside that traps foreing particles, the
vivrating filiament Cilia moves this particules to the stomach.
• Bronchi and bronchioles: Trachea is divided into 2 bronchis that
end in tiny sacks called alveoli, protagonists of gas exchange.
Gas exchange
• ______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
__________.
Gas exchange
• Proccess of diffusion happens between blood
and alveoli; Oxygen concentration is higher in
our alveoli than in our blood and Carbon
dioxidee is higher in yhe blood than in the
alvioli so carbon dioxide goes to the alvioli and
oxigen goes to the blood.
Pulmonary ventilation
2 stages:
• ___________:__________________________
______________________________________
_.
• _________:
______________________________________
_________________________________.
Pulmonary ventilation
2 stages:
• Inspiration: Air enters the lungs, ribcage
increases volume, the diaphragm contracts.