Vector Spaces

Name : Shubham Dattatray Jadhav Enrollment No. :1923005 SYEXTC (A)

K.J. Somaiya College of Engineering

Vector Space Axioms of Vector Space

A vector space is some
set of things for which
the operation of addition
and the operation of
multiplication by a
scalarare defined.
Definition
Let V be a set on which two
operations, called addition and
scalar multiplication, have been
defined. V is called a vector
space if the listed axioms hold
for all vectors u, v and w in V
and all scalars
(real numbers)
k and m.
[a] Closure Axioms
C1 : If u and v are in V then u + v is in V [V is closed under addition]
C2 : If k is any scalar then ku is in V [V is closed under scalar multiplication]
[b] Addition Axioms
A1 : u+v = v+u [Commutativity]
A2 : [u+v]+w = u+[v+w] [Associativity]
A3 : There is an element called zero in V such that u+0=u for every u in V.
[Existance of additive identity]
A4 : There is an element –u in V called negative of u every corresponding to
every in V such that u + [-u] =0. [Existance of additive inverse]
[c] Scalar Multiplication Axioms
M1 : k[u+v]=ku + kv [Distributivity of scalar multiplication]
M2 : [k+m]u=ku+mu [Distributivity of scalars]
M3 : [km]u=k[mu] [Associative law of scalars]
M4 : There is an element 1 in V called unity such that 1.u=u for every in V.
[Existance of multiplicative identity]
 Vector Spaces
Name : Shubham Dattatray Jadhav Enrollment No. :1923005 SYEXTC (A)
K.J. Somaiya College of Engineering

Remarks Applications References

Vector spaces have Applied Mathematics
Vector spaces in which
many applications as IV
the scalar k, m, …..
they occur frequently By G.V. Kumbhojkar.
Are real numbers are
in common
called real vector
circumstances, namely &
spaces. If the scalars k,
wherever functions
m, ….. Can be complex
with values in some https://www.slideserv
number then the
field are involved. e.com/hagop/chapter-
vector space is called
• Distribution 3-vector-spaces
complex vector space.
• Differential
Geometry
• Fourier Analysis