THE 3 BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURES

DAILY ACTIVITY – SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

PAST ACTIVITY – SIMPLE PAST TENSE
FUTURE ACTIVITY – SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
(VERBAL)
Pattern:
1) (+) Subject + Verb-1+ Object
(They, We, I, You)

(-) Subject + Do Not Verb-1 + Object

(?) Do + Subject + Verb-1 + Object?
2) (+)Subject + Verb-s + Object
(He, she, it)

(-) Subject + Does Not Verb-1 + Object

(?) Does + Subject + Verb-1 + Object?
Time signals: every … / always – sometimes
(frequent/ repeated times) / facts/ truths
 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
(NON VERBAL)
• Pattern:
• (+) Subject + IS/AM/ARE+ Adverb/adjective/ noun
• (-) Subject + IS/AM/ARE NOT+ Adverb/adjective/
noun

• (?) IS/AM/ARE + Subject + Adverb/adjective/ noun?

THE FUNCTION:
- Fact / Truth
Ex: water flows to lower places.
Viruses cause disease.
- Routine/ Habit
Ex: A baby drinks milk
Midwives help birth
- State
Ex: Pregnant women feel morning sick
My daughter hates snakes
SIMPLE PAST TENSE (VERBAL)

• Pattern:
• 1) (+) Subject + Verb-2 + Object
• (They, We, I, You)

• (-) Subject + Did Not Verb-1 + Object

• (?) Did + Subject + Verb-1 + Object?
Time signal:
… ago / -yester…/ last…
Past context
 SIMPLE PAST TENSE
(NON VERBAL)
• Pattern:
• (+) Subject + was/ were + Object
• (-) Subject + was/ were NOT+ Object
• (?) was/ were + Subject + Verb-1 +
Object?
 THE FUNCTION:
- Tells about all activities in the past
- Narrate a story / experience (narrative – recount
text)
EXAMPLES:
I was born in Kediri
The corona virus broke up in December 2019
She visited her mother in Kediri last Sunday
He did not come to Nganjuk last Monday.
Sukarno – Hatta proclaimed Indonesia
Independence in 1945
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE (verbal)
• Pattern:
• (+) Subject + Will Verb-1 + Object
• (-) Subject + will Not Verb-1 + Object
• (?) will + Subject + Verb-1 + Object?

• Time signal:
- Tomorrow / Next … / Tonight
- Future context
 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
(NON VERBAL)
• Pattern:
• (+) Subject + will be + Object
•

• (-) Subject + will NOT be + Object

• (?) will + Subject + be + Object?
 THE FUNCTION:
- Tells about future activities/ plans to do
- Predicts something in the future

Examples:
- There will be a general election in US in November 2020
- Some parts of Indonesia will hold a local election at the end
of this year
- Hopefully, this vaccine under research will help people around
the word to eliminate the corona pandemics.
- We will not be able to eliminate the Covid-19 if we do not
obey the health protocol.
-
Exercise 1
Are the following sentences Correct or incorrect?
1. She works in hospital
2 She to work in hospital
3 She will to work in hospital
4 She work in hospital
5 She worked in hospital
6 She will works in hospital
7 She is work in hospital
8 She is will work in hospital
9 She does work in hospital
10 She will worked in hospital
Exercise 2
Correct the verbs in brackets.
No. 1 is the example
1. We (be) in Bandung last holiday  WERE
2. The doctors (visit) the patients every morning.
3. That patient (not want) to eat her breakfast.
4. She always (go) to the Public Health Community by bus.
5. We (hold) a social activity next month.
6. The baby (need) her mother for breastfeeding.
7. Last night we (hear) about my friend’s baby’s birth.
8. The gynecologists (not work) by themselves.
Exercise 3
Correct the verbs in brackets using: SIMPLE PRESENT/ PAST/
FUTURE TENSE
1. Tonight after I get out of class, I (go) to visit my friend who (be)
treated in the hospital.
2. The gynecologist (call) the midwife laSt night because there (be)
something very urgent.
3. A: Do you know what you want to do after you (graduate)?
B: After I (receive) my Master's from Georgetown University, I
(go) to graduate school at UCSD in San Diego. I (plan) to
complete a Ph.D. in cognitive science.
4. The doctor (come, not) yesterday so there (be) some patients
waiting for him.
5. Your father (plan) to pick you up after school today at 3:00
o'clock. He (meet) you across the street near the ice cream
shop. If something happens and he cannot be there, I (pick) you
up instead.
6. If the people of the world (stop, not) cutting down
huge stretches of rain forest, we (experience) huge
changes in the environment during the twenty-first
century.
7. She (enter, not) the nursing faculty last year because
she (think) nursing (be) very difficult.
8. I promise you that I (tell, not) your secret to anybody.
Even if somebody asks me about what happened that
day, I (reveal, not) the truth to a single person.
9. She (make) some major changes in her past life. She
(quit) her job and went back to school.
10. Tom (call) when he arrives in Madrid. He (stay) with
you.
Exercise 4
APPLICATION EXERCISE
Writing
Write down 8 (eight) sentences to describe
your daily activities as a student, your
activity in the past, and what you will do
when live in the society after graduating
school.

Happy working!