Seminar

on
3G n 4G wireless technology

Submitted
by-

Pankaj kumar
kabra
Dinesh
Sharma
Synopsis
 Introduction
 Impact of 3G and 4G

 4G Networks

 Difference between 3G and 4G

 Transmission technologies

 Business applications

 Advantage

 Disadvantage

 Advances and Challenges

 Conclusion


Introduction
10,00,00,00,000

1,00,00,00,000
4G
10,00,00,000

1,00,00,000
3.5G
10,00,000
bps 3G
1,00,000

GPRS
10,000

1,000 2G
100
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Evolution Of Cellular Systems
 The advent of Cellular communications began in
1940s known as MTS(Mobile Telephone Systems)
 There has been a gradual advancement in the
capacity and signal strength.
 The development can be broadly divided into 3
categories namely first, second and third
generations.



 Wireless

•Wire le ss is the  transfe r o f info rmatio n o ve r a distanc e  

witho ut the  use  o f e le c tric al c o nduc to rs o r  wire s. 
•
•The distances involved may be short (a few meters as in 
television remote control) or long (thousands or millions of 
kilometers for radio
communications). 
MULTIPLE ACCESS METHODS
 There are predominantly three types of
multiple access methods.
1.FDMA(Frequency Division Multiple Access)

2.TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

3.CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)

 Need for 3G

Drawbacks of previous generation
    
•1G compares unfavorably to its successors. It has low capacity, unreliable 
handoff, poor voice links, and no security at all since voice calls were 
played back in radio towers, making these calls susceptible to unwanted 
eavesdropping by third parties. 
•
•2G technologies weaker digital signals may not be sufficient to reach a Cell 
tower.

•2G Difficult roaming between countries using different systems.

•Back ground Noise, lossycompression during CODECS.     
•
•
Evolution from 1G to 3G

Ø 1G- First-generation wireless, telephone

technology,cellphones.


Ø 2G - Digital mobile phones, including those that use

GSM, CDMA or TDMA networks data-transfer rates
ranging from 9.6 kb/s to 19.2 kb/s.
Ø
Ø 2.5G- i-mode data services, camera phones,high speed
circuit-switched data(HSCSD),General packet radio
service(GPRS). Data transfer rates ranging from 56
kb/s to 170 kb/s.
Ø
Ø 3G-Handle streaming video, two-way voice over IP, and
Internet content with high-quality graphics and plug-ins
to a wireless phone. maximum data rate of 2 Mb/s.


3G Standards
 3G Standard is created by ITU-T and is called as IMT-
2000.
 The aim of IMT-2000 is to harmonize worldwide 3G
systems to provide Global Roaming.

10
Advantages of 3G Technology
 Telecommunications is up to 2 Megabits per
second
 3G cellular phones also have conventional
voice, fax and data services, as well as
high-resolution video and multimedia
services
 Includes mobile office services such as
virtual banking and online-billing, video
conferencing, online entertainment and
access to the Internet.
 Watch television shows on your phone.

 Video conversations with other people who

also use the same 3G technology
Why Move Towards 4G?
§ Limitation to meet expectations of
applications like multimedia, full motion
video, wireless teleconferencing
 Wider Bandwidth
§ Difficult to move and interoperate due to
different standards hampering global
mobility and service portability
§ Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’;
need a new integrated network
§ Limitations in applying recent advances in
spectrally more efficient modulation
schemes
§ Need all all digital network to fully utilize IP
Why Move Towards 4G?
§ Limitation to meet expectations of
applications like multimedia, full motion
video, wireless teleconferencing
 Wider Bandwidth
§ Difficult to move and interoperate due to
different standards hampering global
mobility and service portability
§ Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’;
need a new integrated network
§ Limitations in applying recent advances in
spectrally more efficient modulation
schemes
§ Need all all digital network to fully utilize IP
 Technology used in 4G
qOFDM

qUWB

qSmart antennas

qIPv6
 OFDM(orthogonal frequency division
Ø
multiplexing)
Ø IT transmits large amounts of digital data over a radio wave.
Ø
Ø OFDM works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals that are
then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to the receiver .
Ø
Ø By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDM signal inter signal interference
is virtually eliminated if the max. channel delay spread is less than the time
interval of cyclic prefix.
Ø
Ø In OFDM the subcarrier pulse used for transmission is rectangular.
Ø
Ø Here modulation can performed by an IDFT ,which can be generated very efficiently
as an IFFT . so, receiver only needs a FFT to reverse this process.



 UWB(ultra wide band)
q
q An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology.
q
q It is typically detected as noise.
q
q It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means that it can use
frequencies that are currently in use by other radio frequency devices .


q It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 Hz.

q
q It uses less power , since it transmits pulse instead of continuous signal.
q
q Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

 Smart antennas
v
v smart antenna can be employed to find tune ,and turn up signal information.
v
v smart antenna can send signal back in the same direction that they come from.


 There are two types of smart antennas-



v switched beam antenna:- It has fixed beams of transmission, and switch from
predefined beam to another when the user with the phone moves throughout the sector.


v Adaptive array antenna :- It represents the most advanced smart antenna approach to data
using a variety of new signal It represent the most advanced smart antenna approach
to date using a variety of new signal processing algorithms to locate and track the
user, minimize interference, and maximize intended signal reception.




v
IPv6
v IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 .
v
v The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol which data is sent from one
computer to another on the internet.
v
v Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP that uniquely
identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.
v
v It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4.



Possible applications
•Virtual Presence: 4G system gives mobile users a "virtual
 presence" (for example, always-on connections to keep people on
 event).

•Virtual navigation: a remote database contains the graphical

representation of streets, buildings, and physical characteristics of a
large metropolis. Blocks of this database are transmitted i rapid
sequence to a vehicle
•Tele-medicine: 4G will support remote health monitoring of
patients.
•Tele-geoprocessing: Queries dependent on location information of
several users, in addition to temporal aspects have many
applications.
•Crisis-management applications
•Education
ATTRIBUTE
Major Characteristic 3G
Predominantly 4G
voice- data as Converged data and VoIP
add-on
Network Architecture Wide area Cell based Hybrid – integration of
Wireless Lan (WiFi), Blue
Tooth, Wide Area
Frequency Band 1.6 - 2.5 GHz 2 – 8 GHz

Component Design Optimized antenna; multi- Smart antennas; SW multi-

band adapters band; wideband radios
Bandwidth 5 – 20 MHz 100+ MHz

Data Rate 385 Kbps - 2 Mbps 20 – 100 Mbps

Access WCDMA/CDMA2000 MC-CDMA or OFDM

Forward Error Correction Convolution code 1/2, 1/3; Concatenated Coding

turbo
Switching Circuit/Packet Packet

Mobile top Speed 200 kmph 200 kmph

IP Multiple versions All IP (IPv6.0)

Operational ~2003 ~2010

 Glossary
3GPP:3G Partnership Project IMT:International Mobile Telecommunications
AAA:Authentication, Authorization, Accounting ITU:International Telecommunications Union 
AMR:Adaptive Multi Rate (Speech Codec) OVSF:Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor
ANSI:American National Standards Institute PDN:Public Data Network
ARIB:Association of Radio Industries and Businesses  PLMN:Public Land Mobile Network
(Japan) PSTN:Public Switched Telephone Network
BRAN:Broadband Radio Access Network  QoS:Quality of Service
(HYPERLAN  2) 2.5 Mbps RAB:Radio Access Bearer
CAMEL:Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced  RNC:Radio Network Controller
Logic RRC:Radio Resource Control
CDMA:Code Division Multiple Access SGSN:Servicing GPRS Support Node
CWTS: China Wireless Telecommunications Standards SIM:Subscriber Identity Module
group (China) TDD:Time Division Duplex
ECMA:European Computer Manufacturers  TDMA:Time Division Multiple Access
Association TTA:Telecommunications Technology 
EDGE:Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution Association  (Korea)
ETSI:European Telecommunications Standards  TTC:Telecommunications Technology 
Institute Commission (Japan)
FDD:Frequency Division Duplex UMTS:Universal Mobile Telecommunications 
FDMA:Frequency Division Multiple Access System
GGSN:Gateway GPRS Support Node UTRAN:UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access 
GMSC:Gateway MSC Network
GPRS:General Packet Radio Service VoIP:Voice over Internet Protocol
GSM:Global System for Mobile communication WCDMA:Wideband Code Division Multiple 
GTP:GPRS Tunneling Protocol Access
HIPERLAN:High Performance Radio Local Area  WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network
Network WPAN: Wireless Personal Area Network
HLR:Home Location Register WWAN: Wireless Wide Area Network
HSCSD: High Speed Circuit Switched Data
THANK YOU