INDONESIA

INTRODUCTION
• The Republic of Indonesia , is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located
mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian
and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand
islands. 
• At 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles), Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest
country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land
area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most
populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-
majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the
country's population.
MAP OF INDONESIA CAPITAL CITY: JAKARTA
PRESIDENT : JOKO WIDODO VICE PRSIDENT: JUSUF KALLA
 POLITICS
• GOVERNMENT
1. The term Government Of Indonesia can have a number of different meanings. At its widest, it
can refer collectively to the three traditional branches of government – the Executive branch,
Legislative branch and Judicial branch . The term is also used colloquially to mean the
Executive and Legislature together, as these are the branches of government responsible for
day-to-day governance of the nation and law making
2. The Indonesian Supreme Court is the highest level of the judicial branch. Its judges are
appointed by the president. The Constitutional Court rules on constitutional and political
matters, while a Judicial Commission oversees the judges.
PARTIES AND ELECTIONS

1. Since 1999 Indonesia has had a multi-party system. In the two legislative elections since
the fall of the New Order regime, no political party has managed to win an overall
majority of seats, resulting in coalition governments. The Great Indonesia Movement
Party is the third largest political party. 
2. Other notable parties such as Party of the Functional Groups, Democratic Party,
and National Awakening Party. Indonesia's first general election elected members of
the People's Representative Council and the Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia was in
1955. At a national level, Indonesian people did not elect a head of state – the president –
until 2004.
3. Since then, the president is elected for a five-year term, as are the 560-member People's
Representative Council and the 128-seat Regional Representative Council. Starting from
the 2015 unified local elections, Indonesia start to elect governors and mayors
simultaneously on the same date.
Administrative divisions
1. Indonesia consists of 34 provinces. Each province has its own legislature and governor. The provinces
are subdivided into regencies and cities (kota), which are further subdivided
into districts (kecamatan or distrik in Papua and West Papua).
2. The village is the lowest level of government administration in Indonesia. Furthermore, a village is
divided into several community groups which are further divided into neighbourhood groups.
3. In Java the desa (village) is divided further into smaller units called dusun or dukuh (hamlets), these
units are the same as rukun warga. Following the implementation of regional autonomy measures in
2001, the regencies and cities have become the key administrative units, responsible for providing most
government services. The village administration level is the most influential on a citizen's daily life and
handles matters of a village or neighbourhood through an elected lurah or kepala desa (village chief).
4. Jakarta is the country's special capital region.
 ECONOMIC INFLUENCE
• Indonesia has one of the largest economies in Southeast Asia and is one of the emerging
market economies of the world. The country is also a member of G-20 major economies and
classified as a newly industrialised country.
• It is the sixteenth largest economy in the world by nominal GDP Indonesia still depends on
domestic market, and government budget spending and its ownership of state-owned enterprises
(the central government owns 141 enterprises) and the administration of prices of a range of
basic goods including, rice, and electricity plays a significant role in Indonesia market economy,
but since the 1990s, 80 percent of the economy has been controlled by private Indonesians and
foreign companies.
• EXPORTS
• Indonesia was the 25th biggest exporting country in the world in 2014, moving up fifth places
from the previous five years.
• Indonesia has extensive natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper, and
gold. In an attempt to boost the domestic mineral processing industry and encourage exports of
higher value-added mineral products, the Indonesian government implemented a ban on exports
of unprocessed mineral ores in 2014.
• Palm oil production is important to the economy of Indonesia as the country is the world's
biggest stretch across 6 million hectares (roughly twice the size of Belgium).
• IMPORTS
•  Indonesia's major imports include machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, and foodstuffs,
and the country's major export commodities include oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood,
rubber, and textiles.
 CULTURAL INFLUENCE

• Indonesia is a rich country with more than 300 ethnic groups. Each of them has its
own art, architecture and housing, cuisine, traditional
dress, festivals, music, dance, tradition, ritual, myths, philosophy of life, even language. 
• The cultural identities developed over centuries, and influenced by Indian, Arabic, Chinese,
and European sources, resulting in many cultural practices being strongly influenced by a
multitude of religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam and Christianity.
• The traditional houses and settlements of the several hundreds ethnic groups of Indonesia are
extremely varied and all have their own specific history.
 RELIGIOUS INFLUENCE

• The government officially recognises only six religions: Islam, Protestantism, Roman

Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Indonesia is the world's most populous
Muslim majority country.
• Though now minority religions, Hinduism and Buddhism remain defining influences
in Indonesian culture. Hindu influences reached the Indonesian Archipelago as early as first
century. Roman Catholicism was brought to Indonesia by early Portuguese colonialists and
missionaries.
• There are also a number of indigenous deities and ancestral worship in Kalimantan, Sulawesi,
and Papua.
 INFLUENCE OF ISLAM ON INDONESIA

• Although it is difficult to reconstruct the exact development of early Islamization in Indonesia it

seems certain that international trade played a crucial factor. Foreign Muslims had traded in
Indonesia and China for many centuries.
• The spread, although at first introduced through Arab Muslim traders, continued to saturate
through the Indonesian people as local rulers and royalty began to adopt it, subsequently their
subjects would mirror their conversion. The spread of Islam continued as Muslim traders married
the local women, with some of the wealthier traders marrying into the families of the ruling elite.
In general, traders and the royalty of major kingdoms were the first to adopt the new religion.
 INFLUENCE IN THE PRESENT SCENARIO

• Indonesia contains the largest Muslim population of all countries in the world. The current
number of Muslim inhabitants is estimated to be around 207 million individuals, most of whom
adhere to Sunni Islam. This large number implies that approximately 13 percent of the total
number of Muslims in the world live in Indonesia, thus indicating that Indonesia contains a clear
Muslim majority population. But despite this Muslim majority, the country does not constitute a
Muslim or Islamic country based on Islamic law.
• During the last two decades Islam has become more visible on the streets in Indonesia and has
begun to play a more important role in the daily affairs of the Muslims. For example, the number
of Indonesian women that wear the headscarf (jilbab) has increased significantly, and it has
become more common to visit the mosque.
 IMPACT OF US ON INDONESIA

• Indonesia–United States relations are bilateral relations between Indonesia and the United States.

Relations between the two nations are generally strong and close.
• The United States has important economic, commercial, and security interests in Indonesia. It
remains a linchpin of regional security due to its strategic location astride a number of key
international maritime straits, particularly the Malacca Strait. Relations between Indonesia and
the U.S. are generally positive.
• . Indonesia has also invited the US to join the East Asia Summit to curb the Chinese stronghold
in South East Asia. Moreover, the US itself plans to reduce its involvement in the Middle East
and improve ‘strategic alliances’ with nations in South East Asia primarily due to their immense
potential for economic growth, abundance of natural resources and rapid rise in populations.
 DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE

• Improving the Quality of Decentralized Education

• Effective Democracy and Decentralized Governance
• Mitigation of Conflict and Support for Peace
• Anti-Trafficking In Persons
• Justice Sector Reforms
• Restoring Livelihoods
 MILITARY ASSISTANCE PROVIDED BY THE US TO
INDONESIA

• The United States for decades has supplied a variety of military assistance to Indonesia
• Indonesia was ruled primarily by dictatorial leaders, and as a result, American military aid often was
controversial. Internal conflicts, some ethnic, some religious and others purely local, continue to roil
the nation, and human rights groups still view the Indonesian military as a serial abuser of human
rights.
• That set up a dilemma for Washington, which during the 1990s curbed severely its military ties with
Indonesia’s armed forces, only to ramp it up again after the events of September 11, 2001. Confronting
al-Qaeda-linked terrorist networks in Southeast Asia, especially in Indonesia, had to take priority.
 
 WHAT KIND OF SECURITY ASSISTANCE IS THE US
CURRENTLY PROVDING INDONESIA?

• International Military Education and Training

• Military spare parts for non-lethal items
• Foreign Military Financing
• Economic Support Funds
 EFFECTS OF COLD WAR ON INDONESIA

• The problem for Indonesia(and the other countries) is they had the largest communist party in the
region, which the locals refused to destroy. So the CIA came up with a story of a secret
paramilitary force, armed and trained by a foreign communist country, that on a national holiday
was going to behead all the rich people and all the military leadership, together with secret plans
of which communist was going to behead which person.
• Indonesia has become a battleground in an economic cold war raging between China and the
United States.
• In several cases, China has been independent and chosen not to follow the US. China has grown
to a superpower economically
• Not everyone is happy with China's new influence in Indonesia. Some of the country's some 7.7
million Chinese immigrants, for example, are wary of the country's investments and the effect it
may have on Indonesia.
• In the end, as with most economic competitions, the policies may have less influences than the
prices. And whichever country can offer better products for lower prices may end up winning
this cold war.
THANK
YOU MEGGHANA GOPI
BHARGAV REDDY
AKHIL E
SIDDHARTH GIRISH