Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Wintel
Intel-based PC running Microsoft
Windows
OS is Hidden
User interested in application
software to make the PC
useful
Application software is
platform specific
User must be aware of the
type of OS
User should be aware of the
functions of OS
Types of OS
Command line
Single user PC
Network Operating System (NOS)
MS-DOS
Command-line interface
Key a command
Not user-friendly
Microsoft Windows
Graphical user
interface
Eases access to
the OS
Most new
computers come
with Windows
already installed
GUI
On-screen pictures
Icons
Menus
Pull down
Pop up
Click to activate a
command or function
Fast
Easy
Intuitive
Early Days of Windows
Wizards
Improved Windows Features
Backup
Interfaces with other software
Networking features
Security
Dr. Watson
Windows
Helps reduce the cost of owning and maintaining a
PC
Windows ME
Millennium Edition
Multimedia support -- Windows Media Player 7
Jukebox
Record music CDs as digital files
Windows Movie Maker
Basic video editing
Windows Image Acquisition
Scanner and digital camera
Windows ME
Millennium Edition
Reliability Features
System File Protection
AutoUpdate
System Restore
Help Center
Home Network Support
Wizard for connecting multiple computers and
peripherals
Multiple users can share a single Internet
connection
Windows NT
New Technology
Engineered for stability
Strong security
Versions
NT Workstation
NT Server
Drawbacks
Lacks support for older Windows and MS-DOS
software and hardware
Complex to learn and use
Requires more memory and processing power
Windows 2000
Stability features
Security features
Uses simple approach to hardware setup
from Windows 98
Versions
Windows 2000 Professional for individual users
Windows 2000 for network servers
Was intended for both the corporate and
home use, replacing Win NT and Win 98
Windows 2000
Complex
Heavy demand for computer resources
Improvements over windows NT
Maintains user preferences
Self-healing applications software
Supports Windows 98 file structure
Uses plug and play
Provides improved support for laptops
Windows XP
Extends Windows ME and provides a more stable
environment
Two categories
Network server
3 versions based upon network complexity
Desktop computer
2 versions
Professional Client
Personal Client
Windows CE
Consumer Electronics
Where used
Embedded systems
Industrial controllers
Robots
Office equipment
Cameras
Telephones
Home entertainment devices
Automobile navigation systems
Pocket PC
Internet appliance market
Windows CE
Consumer Electronics
Subset of Windows
Less memory
Smaller screens
Seeing
Hearing
Touching
Mac OS
First
commercially
successful GUI
(1984)
Served as a
model to other
GUI systems
UNIX
Supports
Multi-user
Time-sharing
Character-based system
Command-line interface
Runs on various processors and many types of
computers
Primary OS used on Internet servers
LINUX
UNIX-like OS
Open-source software
Download it free
Make changes
Distribute copies
Restriction – any changes must be freely available to the
public
PC Setup
PC comes with Windows installed
Install LINUX in a dual-boot configuration
LINUX
Disadvantage
Scarcity of applications
Network Operating System NOS
Designed to permit computers on a network to
share resources
Examples
Windows 2000 Server
Novell Net Ware
Provides
Data security
Troubleshooting
Administrative control
NOS Functions
Split between client and server computers
Server
File management
Client
Requests to the server
Messaging
Has own local OS
Makes the resources appear as if they are
local to the client’s computer
Large Computers
Used by many people at once
OS works “behind the scenes” so users can
share
OS must control
Who gets access to resources
What keeps the programs from different users from
getting mixed up with one another
Resource Allocation
Problems
Programs compete for space
May have a very large program
Memory space for each program must not overlap
Memory Management
Partitions or regions
Foreground and background
Virtual storage (virtual memory)
Partitions or Regions
Solution
The CPU writing to the disk
The program completes quicker
Utility Programs
Come with System Software
Handle special needs
Perform secondary chores
Do not need to be memory resident
Functions of Utility programs
File manager – provide access to lists of stored files
Backup and Restore – make duplicate copies of
important files and return the copy to the hard drive if
needed
File compression – reduces the amount of disk
space required by a file
Disk defragmenter – reorganize files so they are
stored contiguously on disk providing for faster access
Device drivers – convert operating system
instructions into commands that are known to a
specific device