NGINEERING MECHANIC

DYNAMICS
Department of Civil Engineering
CE CORRELATION COURSE
2ND SEM, SY 2019-2020
Engr. MARCELO T. ABRERA, Jr.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
is a branch of the physical sciences that is
concerned with the state of rest or motion
of bodies subjected to the action of forces

Mechanics

Rigid-Body Deformable-Body
Mechanics Mechanics
Fluid Mechanics
(Engineering (Strength of
Mechanics) Materials)
 ENGINEERING
MECHANICS

STATICS DYNAMICS

Force Systems Applications Kinematics Kinetics

(Concurrent) (Trusses) (Translation) (Translation)
(Parallel) (Centroids) (Rotation) (Rotation)
(Non-concurrent) (Friction) (Plane Motion) (Plane Motion)
DYNAMICS
deals with the accelerated motion of the
body

2 PARTS:
KINEMATICS
treats only the geometric aspects of the
motion

KINETICS
is the analysis of the forces causing the
motion
TRANSLATION
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION

CASE 1: 𝒗 =𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
 
𝒂=𝟎
 

 
𝑺=𝒗𝒕
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
CASE 2: 𝒗 ≠ 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
 
𝒂=𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
 

(3 givens are needed to solve a problem)

𝟐 𝟐
𝒗 𝒇 = 𝒗 𝒐 +𝟐 𝒂𝒔
 

 
𝒗 𝒇 =𝒗 𝒐 +𝒂𝒕
 
𝟏 𝟐
𝑺= 𝒗 𝒐 𝒕 + 𝒂 𝒕
𝟐
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION

CASE 3: 𝒗 ≠ 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
 
𝒂 ≠ 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
 

 
𝑺=𝒇 (𝒕 )
  𝒅𝑺
𝒗=
𝒅𝒕
  𝒅𝒗
𝒂=
𝒅𝒕
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION

CASE 4: FREELY FALLING

𝟐 𝟐
𝒗 𝒇 = 𝒗 𝒐 +𝟐 𝒈𝒉
 

𝒗 𝒇 =𝒗 𝒐 + 𝒈𝒕
  CASE 2:

𝑣  ≠ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎=𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
 

 
𝟏 𝟐
 𝒗 𝟐=𝒗 𝟐 +𝟐 𝒂𝒔
𝒇 𝒐
𝒉=𝒗 𝒐 𝒕 + 𝒈 𝒕
𝟐  𝒗 𝒇 =𝒗 𝒐 +𝒂𝒕

  𝟏 𝟐
𝑺= 𝒗 𝒐 𝒕 + 𝒂𝒕
𝟐
CURVILINEAR TRANSLATION

CASE 5: PROJECTILE

along x-axis CASE 1

along y-axis CASE 4

STONE THROWN UPWARD
𝑣 𝑓 =0
 

SMOOTH SURFACE

𝜇=0
 

smooth
STONE THROWN DOWNWARD

𝑣 𝑓 =0
 
𝑣𝑓
 

ZERO VELOCITY – no motion, at rest

 CE Board Nov 2017
PROBLEM EMD.1
A plane is headed due east with airspeed of
240 mph. If a wind 40 mph is blowing from
the north, find the groundspeed of the
plane.

Answer
 CE Board May 2010
PROBLEM EMD.2a
A motorboat is headed . The speed of the
 

boat in still water is 25 mph. If the sea

current is moving to the east at 7.5 mph.
Determine the resulting speed of the boat.

Answer
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
CASE 1 & CASE 2
CASE 1: 𝑣 =𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
 
𝑎=0
 

 
𝑺=𝒗𝒕
CASE 2: 𝑣 ≠ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
 
𝑎=𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
  (3 givens are needed)
𝟐 𝟐
𝒗 𝒇 = 𝒗 𝒐 +𝟐 𝒂𝒔
 

𝒗 𝒇 =𝒗 𝒐 +𝒂𝒕
 

  𝟏 𝟐
𝑺= 𝒗 𝒐 𝒕 + 𝒂 𝒕
𝟐
 CE Board Nov 2005
PROBLEM EMD.3
A car starting from rest is accelerated for for
 

4 seconds. It continues at constant velocity

for 10 seconds more. How far does the car
traveled if it decelerates in 3 seconds until it
stops?

Answer
 CE Board May 2006
PROBLEM EMD.4a
Two cars are travelling in the same speed of
 

70 kph on a level road. Car A decelerates at

the rate of . Car A is 100 m ahead of B. From
this instant up to the time B overtakes A,
how far has B traveled?

Answer
 CE Board Nov 1998
PROBLEM EMD.4b
A driver traveling at 50 mph is 80 m from
 

the wall. If the driver applies the break

immediately after 2 secs and begins slowing
vehicle at 10 . Find the distance from
stopping point to the wall. (1 mi = 1,609 m)

Answer
RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
CASE 3
CASE 3: 𝑣 ≠ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
  𝑎 ≠ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
 

 
𝑺=𝒇 (𝒕 )
  𝒅𝑺
𝒗=
𝒅𝒕
  𝒅𝒗
𝒂=
𝒅𝒕
 CE Board May 2016
PROBLEM EMD.5
The distance traveled by a particle moving
 

along a straight line is given by

(in meters). Find the acceleration of the
particle at .

Answer
 CE Board May 2006
PROBLEM EMD.6a
 Acar moves in a straight line such that for a short
time its velocity is defined by , where t is in seconds.
When , .
① Determine its position, in ft, when .
② Determine its acceleration, in , when .

Answer
 CE Board Nov 2011
PROBLEM EMD.6b
 The motion of a body is described by the following
equation: , where S is the distance in meters and t is
the time in seconds.
① Determine the distance traveled after 4 seconds,
in m.
② Determine the initial velocity of the body, in m/s.
③ Determine the acceleration of the body after 2
sec, in m/s/s.

Answer
 RECTILINEAR
TRANSLATION
CASE 4
CASE 4: FREELY FALLING
𝟐 𝟐
 
𝒗 𝒇 = 𝒗 𝒐 +𝟐 𝒈𝒉
𝒗 𝒇 =𝒗 𝒐 + 𝒈𝒕
 

  𝟏 𝟐
𝒉=𝒗 𝒐 𝒕 + 𝒈 𝒕
𝟐
 CASE 4: FREELY FALLING   same direction as (+)
  opposite direction as (-)
 𝒗 𝒇  𝒗 𝒐
 𝒗 𝒇

 𝒉  𝒉
 𝒉
 𝒗 𝒐  𝒗 𝒐  𝒗 𝒐  𝒗 𝒇

 𝒉
 𝒗 𝒇

𝒗𝒇
 
(+) (-) (-) (+)

𝒉
 
(+) (+) (-) (+
 
𝒈 (-) (-) )
(-) (+
PROBLEM EMD.7
A stone is dropped from deck of Ayala
Bridge. If the sound of the splash reaches the
deck 3 seconds later, how high is the deck
above the water? Assume that sound travels
342 m/s.

Answer
PROBLEM EMD.8a
A ball is dropped from a balloon that is rising
vertically at 30 m/s. If the ball reaches the ground
in 10 seconds.

① Find the highest point reached by the ball

measured from the initial point it was released
② Find the time of flight to reach the maximum
point.
③ Determine the height of the balloon above the
ground when the ball was dropped
④ the velocity of the ball as it strikes the ground.

Answer
PROBLEM EMD.8b
A ball is thrown vertically upward from the edge of
the building 20 m high. On its way downward, it
missed the edge of the building and hit the ground
in 30 sec after it was thrown.

① Find the initial velocity, in m/s.

② Find the maximum height, in m.
③ Find the time to reach the maximum height,
in sec.
④ Find the velocity as it strikes the ground, in
m/s.

Answer
 CURVILINEAR
TRANSLATION
CASE 5
CASE 5: PROJECTILE MOTION

along x-axis CASE 1

along y-axis CASE 4

CASE 5: PROJECTILE MOTION

Resolve the motion into x and y-components and use

the formulas in Rectilinear Motion

along x-axis CASE 1

along y-axis CASE 4

PROBLEM EMD.9
A stone is thrown upward at an angle of 30°
with the horizontal. It lands 60 m measured
horizontally and 2 m below measured
vertically from its point of release.
Determine the initial velocity of the stone in
m/s.

Answer
PROBLEM EMD.10
A ball is thrown from a tower 30 m high above
the ground with a velocity of 300 m/s
directed at 20° from the horizontal, how long
will the ball hit the ground?

Answer
PROBLEM EMD.11a
A baseball is thrown from a horizontal plane
following a parabolic path with an initial
velocity of 100 m/s at an angle of 30 degrees
above the horizontal. How far from the
throwing point will the ball attain its original
level?

Answer
PROBLEM EMD.11b
A projectile leaves at a velocity of 50 m/s at
an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Find the
maximum height that it could reach.

Answer
 ROTATION/
CIRCULAR MOTION
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSLATION and ROTATION

DISTANCE

R=2m

θ S 𝑺=𝑹 𝜽
 

  If

𝟏𝟎 𝒎=(𝟐𝒎)𝜽
 

𝜽=𝟓  𝒓𝒂𝒅
 

 
=ANGULAR DISTANCE
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSLATION and ROTATION

VELOCITY

v=10m/s
R=2m
𝒗 =𝑹 𝝎
 

  If

𝟏𝟎 𝒎/𝒔=(𝟐 𝒎)𝝎
 

𝝎=𝟓  𝒓𝒂𝒅 / 𝒔
 

 
=ANGULAR VELOCITY
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSLATION and ROTATION

ACCELERATION

a
R=2m
𝒂=𝑹 𝜶
 

  If
 𝟏𝟎 𝒎/ 𝒔 𝟐=(𝟐𝒎) 𝝎

𝝎=𝟓  𝒓𝒂𝒅 / 𝒔𝟐
 

 
=ANGULAR ACCELERATION
ROTATION FORMULA

RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION
CASE 2:

𝟐 𝟐
𝝎 𝒇 =𝝎 𝒐 +𝟐 𝜶𝜽
 
𝒗 𝒇 𝟐= 𝒗 𝒐𝟐 +𝟐 𝒂𝒔
 

𝝎 𝒇 =𝝎 𝒐 +𝜶 𝒕
   𝒗 𝒇 =𝒗 𝒐 +𝒂𝒕
  𝟏 𝟐   𝟏 𝟐
𝜽=𝝎 𝒐 𝒕 + 𝜶 𝒕 𝑺=𝒗 𝒐 𝒕 + 𝒂 𝒕
𝟐
𝟐
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE

𝒗 𝒇 𝟐= 𝒗 𝒐𝟐 +𝟐 𝒂𝒔
 

 𝑎𝑡
𝒗 𝒇 =𝒗 𝒐 +𝒂𝒕
 
 𝑎 𝑛   𝟏 𝟐
𝑺=𝒗 𝒐 𝒕 + 𝒂 𝒕
𝟐

𝒂=𝒂 𝒕
 

 
𝑭=𝒎 𝒂𝒕
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE  
𝒗𝟐
𝒂 𝒏=
𝑹
 𝑎𝑡

 𝑎 𝑛  
𝑭=𝒎𝒂
𝑪𝑭 =𝒎 𝒂𝒏
 

𝟐
 
𝑾 𝒗
𝑪𝑭 =
𝒈 𝑹
 C
C
H
H
PROBLEM 16 O
O
II
C
A
 
flywheel rotating at 500 rpm C
E
E
S
decelerates uniformly at 2 . How many S

seconds will it take for the flywheel to

stop?

Answer
 C
C
H
H
PROBLEM 17 O
O
II
C
A rotation wheel has a radius of 2 ft and 6 C
E
E
S
inches. A point on the circumference of S

the wheel moves 30 ft in 2 seconds. Find

the angular velocity of the wheel.

Answer
 C
C
H
H
PROBLEM 18 O
O
II
C
Find the normal acceleration of a point at C
E
E
S
the rim of flywheel 1 meter in diameter if S

it is revolving at 1000 rpm.

Answer
 C
C
H
H
PROBLEM 19 O
O
II
C
A horizontal platform with a diameter of C
E
E
S
6 m revolves about its center at 20 rpm. S

Find the tangential speed, in m/s, of a

point at the edge of the platform.

Answer
 C
C
H
H
PROBLEM 20 O
O
II
C
At what RPM is the ferries wheel turning C
E
E
S
when the rider feel weightlessness or zero S

gravity every time each rider is at the

topmost part of the wheel 9 meters in
radius.

Answer
 C
C
H
H
PROBLEM 21 O
O
II
C
A 2 kg weight is swing in a vertical circle C
E
E
S
of 1 m radius. Find the minimum velocity S

to attain continuous vertical motion.

Answer
 STATICS DYNAMICS

FORCE SYSTEM KINEMATICS

Concurrent Translation
Parallel Rotation
Non-concurrent Plane Motion

APPLICATIONS KINETICS
Trusses Translation
Centroids Rotation
Friction Plane Motion

KINEMATICS The geometry of motion. This term is used to define the motion of a
particle or body without consideration of the forces causing the
motion.

KINETICS The branch of mechanics that relates the force acting on the body to
its mass and accelation.
KINETICS
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

1. LAW OF INERTIA

𝑃
 
𝑎=0
 
∑ 𝑭=𝟎
𝐹
 
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

2. LAW OF ACCELERATION

𝑃
 
𝑎
 

∑ 𝑭=𝒎𝒂
𝐹
 

𝑑
 
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION

3. LAW OF ACTION-REACTION

 𝑊

𝑁
 
 C
C
H
H
PROBLEM 22 O
O
II
C
A block having a weight W is resting on C
E
E
S
an inclined plane making an angle of 30° S

with the horizontal. If the block is

initially at rest, determine the distance
the block will slide down after 3 sec if the
coefficient of friction between the
inclined plane and the block is 0.2.

Answer
 C
C
H
H
PROBLEM 23 O
O
II
C
A block weighing 200 N rests on a plane C
E
E
S
inclined upward to the right at a slope of S

4 vertical to 3 horizontal. The block is

connected by a cable initially parallel to
the plane passing through a pulley which
is connected to another block weighing
100 N moving vertically. The coefficient
of kinetic friction between the 200 N
block and the inclined plane is 0.1.
a. Find the acceleration of the block
b. Find the tension on the cable

Answer