Outdoor Propagation Models

 Okumura Model:

It is applicable for urban areas under following conditions:

 Frequency range is 150 MHz to 1920 MHz.

 Distance between transmitter and receiver , d = 1 Km to 100Km.
 Base station heights ranging from 30 m to 1000m.

L50  LF  Amu  f , d   G  hte   G  hre   Garea

L50  50th percentile (i.e., median) value of propagation path loss.

LF  Loss in free space propagation.

Amu  Median attenuation w.r.t. free space  h 

G  hte   20log10  te  for 1000m  hte  30m
G  hte   base station antenna height gain factor  200 
h 
G  hre   base station antenna height gain factor G  hre   10log10  re  for hre  3m
 3
Garea  Gain due to the type of environment h 
G  hre   20 log10  re  for 100m  hre  3m
 3

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Correction factors of Okumura model

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Outdoor Propagation Models

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 Outdoor Propagation Models

 Prob

Find the median path loss using Okumura’s model for d = 50 Km, hte  100m, hre  10m
in an suburban environment. If the base station transmitter radiates an EIRP of 1 Kw at
carrier frequency of 900 MHz, find the power at the receiver (assume a unity gain receiving
antenna).
Garea  9dB; Amu (900MHz,50 Km)  43dB

EIRP  Pt Gt

Pr   EIRP  Pathloss  Gr

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Outdoor Propagation Models

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Outdoor Propagation Models

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 Outdoor Propagation Models

 Prob

Find the median path loss using Okumura’s model for d = 50 Km, hte  100m, hre  10m
in an suburban environment. If the base station transmitter transmits with Pt  1 KW at
carrier frequency of 900 MHz, find the power at the receiver (transmitting antenna gain = 2,
receiving antenna gain = 3, ).

Garea  9dB; Amu (900MHz,50 Km)  43dB

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Disadvantages of Okumura model

 Model is based on measured data and does not provide any

analytical explanation.

 Response of the model is slow in the case of rapid changes in

terrain

** It is good for urban and suburban areas, but not good in

rural areas.

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 Outdoor Propagation Models
 Hata Model:

It is applicable for urban areas under following conditions:

 Frequency ( f c ) range is 150 MHz to 1500 MHz.

 Distance between transmitter and receiver i.e., d in Km.
 Base station heights ( hte ) = 30 m to 200m.
 Mobile abtenna heights ( hre ) = 1 m to 10m.

 Path loss in urban areas

L50  69.55  26.16 log f c  13.82log hte  a  hre    44.9  6.55log hte  log d
o For a small city, mobile antenna correction factor

a  hre    1.1log f c  0.7  hre   1.56log f c  0.8  dB

o For a large city, mobile antenna correction factor
a  hre   8.29  log1.54 h re   1.1 dB for f c  300MHz
2

a  hre   3.2  log11.75h re   4.97 dB for f c  300 MHz

2

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 Outdoor Propagation Models

 Suburban area

L50  suburban   L50 (urban)  2 log  f c / 28    5.4

2

 Rural area

L50 (rural)  L50 (urban)  4.78  log f c   18.33log f c  40.94

2

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Outdoor Propagation Models

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Outdoor Propagation Models

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Disadvantages of Hata model

 Model is does not have any of the path specific corrections which
are available in Okumura model.

 This model is not applicable for small cell (radius less than 1 Km)
mobile system.

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 Outdoor Propagation Models
Extended Hata model (COST-231)

L50  46.3  33.9log f c  13.82log hte  a  hre    44.9  6.55log hte  log d  C M

 r  a  hre  of HATA mod el

0 dB Medium size city or suburban areas

CM 
3 dB Metropoli tan centers

f :1500 MHz to 2000MHz

hte :30m to 200m
hre :30m to 200m
d : 1Km to 20 Km
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