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Distance, Displacement, Spee
d, and Velocity
Physics Introduction
The motion of objects can be described by words. Even a person
without a background in physics has a collection of words that can
be used to describe moving objects. Words and phrases such as
going fast, stopped, slowing down, speeding up, and turning
provide a sufficient vocabulary for describing the motion of
objects. In physics, we use these words and many more. We will
be expanding upon this vocabulary list with words such as (but not
limited to) distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and
acceleration.
Some Physics Quantities
Vector - quantity with both magnitude (size or numerical
value) and direction
Scalar - quantity with magnitude (size or numerical
value) only
Vectors: Scalars:
• Displacement • Distance
• Velocity • Speed
• Acceleration • Time
• Momentum • Mass
• Force • Energy
Vectors
5m Scalar
30 m/sec, East Vector
5 mi., North Vector
20 degrees Celsius Scalar
256 bytes Scalar
4000 Calories Scalar
Kinematics
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm
Distance: 3 cm
Displacement: +3 cm
The positive gives the ant a direction!
Displacement
Find the ant’s displacement again.
Remember, displacement has direction!
- +
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm
Distance: 3 cm
Displacement: -3 cm
Displacement
Find the distance and displacement of the
ant.
- +
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm
Distance: 7 cm
Displacement: +3 cm
Displacement vs. Distance
Example of distance:
The ant walked 3 cm.
Example of displacement:
The ant walked 3 cm EAST.
An object’s distance traveled and its
displacement aren’t always the same!
Distance vs. Displacement
You drive the path, and your odometer goes up
by 8 miles (your distance).
Your displacement is the shorter directed
distance from start to stop (green arrow).
start
stop
Motion in Dimensions
1 dimension 2 dimension
Distance/length is Distance/length is
measured in ONE measured in TWO
direction (left to right dimensions (north and
OR north to south) east OR south and
west)
Practice Problem 1
An athlete runs around a track that is 100 meters
long three times, then stops.
What is the athlete’s distance and displacement?
Distance = 300 m
Displacement = 0 m
Why?
Practice Problem 2
A whale swims due east (from 0km) a
distance of 5km, turns around and goes
due west for 2km and finally turns around
again and heads 4km due east.
What is the total distance traveled?
•It speeds up
•It slows down
•It changes direction
Velocity Practice
What is the velocity of a car that traveled a
total of 75 kilometers in 1.5 hours from
Florida to New Jersey?
Speed Vs Velocity
Direction of Motion
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cm
Distance traveled: 7 cm
Displacement: +3 cm
Average speed: (7 cm) / (5 s) = 1.4 cm/s
Average velocity: (+3 cm) / (5 s) = +0.6 cm/s
Distance vs. Time Graph
Important Graphing Information
1. Draw your axes
2. Label your axes
3. Choose your intervals
4. Choose appropriate spacing
between intervals.
5. Plot your data
6. Draw a line best fit
7. Give your graph a title
Graphs show relationships
A good way to show a Distance
relationship between two
variables is to use a
graph.
Distance
A graph makes it easy to
see if changes in one
variable cause changes
in the other variable (the
effect).
The distance vs. time graph
Distance To graph data, you
put time on the
horizontal (x) axis –
this is your
independent
Distance
variable.
Distance goes on
the vertical (y) axis
– this is your
dependent variable.
The distance vs. time graph
Distance vs. time data Distance
6
5
Distance (meters)
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time (seconds)
object is not moving,
Distance-Time Graph
25
20
Distance (meters)
constant speed
15
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time (seconds)
Fast,
steady
speed Increase
speed
Constant
stationary
speed
Change
direction at a
constant rate
Terry, Jade and Jerome Raced. Plot their data on
a distance vs. time graph
How to determine total average speed
by looking at a line graph
1. Find total distance (ending distance)
2. Divide by total time (ending time)
t
Comparing speeds on a Distance –
Time Graph
1. Find the average
speed of each line.
2. Compare the steepness
of each line.
Changing Direction
Example: Car takes turn (can be at constant
speed)
Calculating Acceleration
Units of acceleration:
m/s2
A bicyclist started from rest along a straight path.
After 5s, his speed was 8m/s. What was his
acceleration during the time?
Fv Iv
a
t
Can we find time?
A car accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/s2. If its original
speed is 8.0 m/s, how many seconds will it take the car
to reach a final speed of 25.0 m/s?
Fv Iv
t
a
25.0m /s 8.0m /s
t
3.0m /s2
t 5.7s
Can we find Final Velocity?
A motorcycle traveling at 25m/s accelerates at a rate of
7.0m/s2 for 6.0 seconds What is the final speed of the
motorcycle?
Fv Iv
a
t
Graphing Acceleration
Speed – Time Graphs
Shows how SPEED changes over
time
X axis = TIME
Y axis = SPEED
Object at Rest
Slowing Down