Unit-2 : AC-DC Single Phase Converters

• Operation and analysis of Single phase uncontrolled and controlled

rectifiers with
– R load, RL load and RLE load

• Estimation of
– RMS load voltage,
– RMS load current
– input power factor
– power factor

• Improvement methods for phase controlled rectifiers,

• Effect of source inductance
• Single phase dual converters.
 Rectifier
s
Uncontrolled (Diode) rectifier Controlled Rectifier
 Half Wave rectifier  Half Wave rectifier

 Full wave Rectifier  Full wave Rectifier

• Centre Tapped rectifier • Centre Tapped rectifier

• Bridge Type rectifier • Bridge Type rectifier

 Semi converter

 Full Converter

(Controlled Switches)
• BJT, FET, MOSFET, IGBT
• SCR, DIAC, TRIAC, GTO
Half Wave Rectifiers (R Load)
Full Wave Bridge Rectifiers (R Load)
Full Wave Rectifiers Centre Tapped (R Load)
Half Wave Rectifiers (RL Load)
Half Wave Rectifiers (RL Load)
Half Wave Rectifiers (RL Load) with Freewheeling Diode
Half Wave Rectifiers (RL Load) with Freewheeling Diode
Half Wave Controlled Rectifiers (R Load)
Phase Control Rectifier
Single Phase Half
Wave Controlled
Rectifier RL Load
 Single Phase Half Wave
Controlled Rectifier RL Load
1-ϕHalf Wave Controlled
Rectifier RL Load and
Free Wheeling Diode
1-ϕ Half Wave Controlled
Rectifier RLE Load
 1-ϕ Half Wave
Controlled Rectifier
RLE Load
 1-ϕ Full Wave Mid-Point
Controlled Converter (M-2)
 1-ϕ Full Wave Mid-Point
Controlled Converter (M-2)
Single Phase Full Converter
 Single Phase
Full Converter
 Single Phase
Full Converter
 Single Phase
Full Converter

Firing angle > 900

 Single Phase
Semi Converter
 Single Phase
Semi Converter
Difference between Semi and Full Converter

Semi converter Full converter

 Single Phase Dual Converter
Introduction
• Semi Converter are single
quadrant converter

• For entire firing range

load voltage and load
current will have only one
polarity
 Single Phase Dual Converter
Introduction
• Full Converter are two
quadrant converter

• For 0<α < 900 R

ectifier mode
Vo and Io both positive
• For 0<α < 900 Inverter
mode
Vo negative and
positive
 Single Phase Dual Converter
• Two single phase
converters used back
to back

• Converters are
connected in
antiparallel

• Connected to
dc load
 Single Phase Dual Converter

•Equal Average output voltage for both converters

•Have same polarity
•Instantaneous output voltage are out of phase
•Results in large voltage difference between connected converters
•Large circulating current flows between the converter not in load
Dual Phase Converter with circulating current
Dual Phase Converter with circulating current
 Effect of Source Inductance on
performance of Converter

Assumptions made
• Instant Switching of alternate SCR pair T1 , T2 and T3 , T4
• Good only when Vs has no internal impedance
• Average output reduces by IoRs
• Low duration of commutation, instantaneous current transfer between SCR pair
• Voltage drop IoRs has significant effect
 Effect of Source Inductance on performance of Converter

Assumptions made
• Source impedance is totally inductive
• Load inductance is high so that output current is virtually constant

Explanation
• Because of this outgoing and incoming SCR pair conduct together
• Overlap Period : when both outgoing and incoming SCR pair conduct together
• Commutation angle of overlap angle: the angular period, when both outgoing and
incoming SCR pair conduct together
• During this overlap period, average output voltage is equal to average value of conducting
phase voltage which is zero
Effect of Source Inductance on performance of Converter