PERANCANGAN LERENG

(SLOPE DESIGN)
 Rock
Geology Structure Hydrogeology
Mass

Models Geotechnical model

Geotechnical domain

Domain Strength Failure mode Structure

Design Sector

Equipment
Design Bench Configuration
Capabilities
Regulation

INTERACTIVE PROCESS
Inter-Ramp Angles
Mine
Planning

Overall slope

Structure
Parsial Slope
Strength Stability
Analysis Analysis
Overall Slope
Groundwater

In-situ Risk
Final Design Assessment
stress

Blasting Depressuri
sation
Implementation Implementa Movement
tion
Dewatering Monitori
ng Design
Model

Closure

SLOPE DESIGN PROCESS

 Geological data

Preliminary analysis No further stability analysis

Detailed study

Detailed geological Shear testing of Installation of

investigation discontinuities piezometer

Reanalyse critical
slope areas

Examine slope for

high risk slope

Stabilization of slope Accepting risk of failure

Conventional Methods for Slope Stability (after Stead, et al, 2001)
Comparison of numerical model solutions to LEM solutions (Wyllie & Mah 2004)
Zhang & Sanderson (2002) observed three basic errors in numerical modeling:
• Reality is replaced by mathematical theory
• Mathematical theory is implemented in piecewise fashion or in differential
equations for field quantities
• Numerical error due to the finite precision of the computer arithmetic
• Complex models do not produce better results due to induced additional errors
from the uncertainty of some parameters

Kourdey et al (2001) suggests numerical models

are more appropriate for an limit equilibrium analysis due to the following
advantages:

Complex phenomena can be modeled (effect of water, dynamic,

discontinuity, etc.);
• Capacity to introduce constitutive models;
• Factor of safety is not constant along the slip surface;
• The factor of safety of a slope can be computed with Itasca programs by
reducing the soil shear strength in stages until the slope fails, but this does not
show a well-defined surface of failure
• Numerical programs can display two-dimensional plots of sliding plains
Factor of safety comparison between the LEM (FS) and the SSR (FS1), Cala et al (2003)