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 epic
An epic poem is a long, narrative poem that is usually about heroic deeds and
events that are significant to the culture of the poet. Many ancient writers
used epic poetry to tell tales of intense adventures and heroic feats. Some of
the most famous literary masterpieces in the world were written in the form of
epic poetry.
Epic poems were particularly common in the ancient world because they
were ideal for expressing stories orally. 

EPIC 2
 EXAMPLE OF EPIC POETRY
The Iliad, Book I, Lines 1-15

RAGE: At each other's throats?

Sing, Goddess, Achilles' rage,
Black and murderous, that cost the Greeks
Incalculable pain, pitched countless souls
Of heroes into Hades' dark,
And left their bodies to rot as feasts
For dogs and birds, as Zeus' will was done.
Begin with the clash between
Agamemnon—
The Greek warlord--and godlike Achilles.
Which of the immortals set these two
                                
 Apollo
Zeus' son and Leto's, offended
By the warlord. Agamemnon had dishonored
Chryses, Apollo's priest, so the god
Struck the Greek camp with plague,
And the soldiers were dying of it.

EXAMPLE OF EPIC POETRY 3

BALLAD
A ballad is a type of poem that is sometimes set to music.
Ballads have a long history and are found in many cultures.
The ballad actually began as a folk song and continues today
in popular music. Many love songs today can be considered
ballads.

A typical ballad consists of stanzas that contain a quatrain,

or four poetic lines. The meter or rhythm of each line is
usually iambic, which means it has one unstressed syllable
followed by a stressed syllable.

BALLAD 4
EXAMPLE OF BALLAD POETRY
BRUSH BALLAD
DROVE (BY ELTON JOHN)
“From the sunburnt plains of far off North Australia

Came a fella born to ride the wide brown land

Oh he grew up running wil

But soon by all was styled

As the country’s greatest-ever droving man”

EXAMPLE OF BALLAD POETRY 5

 ROMANCE
Romanticism is one of the recurring themes that are linked to either imagination,
idealism, inspiration, intuition, or individualism.  Preceded by Enlightenment,
Romanticism brought not only fresh poetry but also great novels in English
Literature. 

ROMANCE 6
EXAMPLE OF ROMANCE POETRY
TO AUTUMN BY JOHN
“Season of mists KEATS
and mellow fruitfulness,
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;
To bend with apples the moss’d cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease,
For summer has o’er-brimm’d their clammy cells.”

EXAMPLE OF ROMANCE POETRY 7

SATIRE

Satire is a technique employed by writers to expose and

criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a
society, by using humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule.

A writer in a satire uses fictional characters, which stand

for real people, to expose and condemn their corruption.
A writer may point a satire toward a person, a country,
or even the entire world. 

SATIRE 8
EXAMPLE OF SATIRE POETRY
The Rape of the Lock (By
Alexander Pope)

“Whether the nymph shall break Diana’s law,

Or some frail china jar receive a flaw,
Or stain her honor, or her new brocade…”

EXAMPLE OF SATIRE POETRY 9

 ODE AND EXAMPLE
Ode to Spring (By Thomas Gray)

“The untaught harmony of spring …

An ode is a form of poetry such as sonnet or elegy. Still is the toiling hand of Care:
Ode is a literary technique that is lyrical in nature, The panting herds repose:
but not very lengthy. You have often read odes in Yet hark, how thro’ the peopled air
which poets praise people, natural scenes, and The busy murmur glows!
abstract ideas.  Some lightly o’er the current skim,
Some show their gaily-gilded trim
Quick-glancing to the sun.”

ODE AND EXAMPLE 10

 EPIGRAM
Epigram is a rhetorical device that is a memorable, brief, interesting,
and surprising satirical statement. It originated from the Greek
word epigramma, which means “inscription,” or “to inscribe.” 

EPIGRAM 11
EXAMPLE OF EPIGRAM POETRY
Sonnet 76  (By William
Shakespeare)

“So all my best is dressing old words new,

Spending again what is already spent:
For as the sun is daily new and old,
So is my love still telling what is told.”

EXAMPLE OF EPIGRAM POETRY 12

LYRIC

A lyric poem or lyrical poem in literature is a poem in

which the poet either expresses his feelings and
emotions. The poet also presents a character in the first
person to express his emotions. It is a combination of
lyric and poetry where a piece of poetry is written as a
lyric.

LYRIC 13
 EXAMPLE OF
LYRIC POETRY
“O, Wert Thou in the Cauld Blast” by Robert Burns

O, WERT thou in the cauld blast

On yonder lea, on yonder lea,
My plaidie to the angry airt,
I’d shelter thee, I’d shelter thee.
Or did Misfortune’s bitter storms
Around thee blaw, around thee blaw,
Thy bield should be my bosom,
To share it a’, to share it a’.

EXAMPLE OF LYRIC POETRY 14

 ELEGY AND
EXAMPLE
Elegy is a form of literature that can be defined as
a poem or song in the form of elegiac couplets,
written in honor of someone deceased. It typically
laments or mourns the death of the individual.
In Memory of W. B. Yeats (By W. H. Auden)
“With the farming of a verse
Make a vineyard of the curse,
Sing of human unsuccess
In a rapture of distress;
In the deserts of the heart
Let the healing fountain start,
In the prison of his days
Teach the free man how to praise.”
ELEGY AND EXAMPLE 15
 HAIKU AND
EXAMPLE

A haiku poem has three lines, where the first and Old Pond (By Basho)
last lines have five moras, and the middle line has
seven. The pattern in this Japanese genre is 5-7-5. Old pond
The mora is another name for a sound unit, which a frog jumps
is like a syllable, though there is a difference.  the sound of water

HAIKU AND EXAMPLE 16

IMAGISM
Imagism was a literary movement of the early 20th
century. The proponents and participants were interested
in the use of precise imagery and clear language. Rather
than a broad swath of writers from around the world
transitioning into a new way of writing, the imagist
movement was small and only included a few writers
who were dealing with important principles that would
set out of the groundwork for the next decades of
development.

IMAGISM 17
 EXAMPLE OF
IMAGISM POETRY
“OREAD” by Hilda Doolittle

'Oread'
Whirl up, sea -
Whirl your pointed pines,
Splash your great pines
On our rocks,
Hurl your green over us -
Cover us with your pools of fir.

EXAMPLE OF IMAGISM POETRY 18

 Rhymed Poetry
A rhyme is a repetition of similar sounding words, occurring at the end of lines in
poems or songs. A rhyme is a tool utilizing repeating patterns that bring rhythm or
musicality to poems. This differentiates them from prose, which is plain. 

RHYMED POETRY 19
EXAMPLE OF RHYMEN POETRY
Don’t Fence Me In (By Cole
Porter and Robert Fletcher)

“Just turn me loose let me straddle my old saddle,

Underneath the western skies,
On my cayuse let me wander over yonder,
‘Til I see the mountains rise.”

EXAMPLE OF RHYMEN POETRY 20

 Narative Poetry

A narrative poem in literature is a poem which tells a

story. It has a full storyline with all the elements of a
traditional story. These elements include
characters, plot, conflict and resolution, setting and
action. Although a narrative poem does not need a
rhyming pattern, it is a metered poem with clear
objectives to reach a specific audience. 

NARRATIVE POETRY 21
 EXAMPLE OF
NARRATIVE POETRY
The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer

“This Chanticleer stood high upon his toes,

Stretching his neck, and both his eyes did close,
And so did crow right loudly, for the nonce;
And Russel Fox, he started up at once,
And by the gorget grabbed our Chanticleer,
Flung him on back, and toward the wood did steer,
For there was no man who as yet pursued.”

EXAMPLE OF NARRATIVE POETRY 22

 PASTORAL
POETRY
Pastoral poetry is much like it sounds: poetry that has to do with pastures! And
in some pastures, there are sheep tended by shepherds. The pastoral poem
elevates the life of the shepherd or shepherdess, versus the evils of the city. 

PASTORAL POETRY 23
EXAMPLE OF PASTORAL POETRY
The Passionate Shepherd to His
Love by Christopher Marlowe
'COME live with me and be my Love,
And we will all the pleasures prove
That hills and valleys, dale and field,
And all the craggy mountains yield.

There will we sit upon the rocks

And see the shepherds feed their flocks,
By shallow rivers, to whose falls
Melodious birds sing madrigals.

EXAMPLE OF PASTORAL POETRY 24

LYRIC poetry

A lyric poem or lyrical poem in literature is a poem in

which the poet either expresses his feelings and
emotions. The poet also presents a character in the first
person to express his emotions. It is a combination of
lyric and poetry where a piece of poetry is written as a
lyric.

LYRIC POETRY 25
 EXAMPLE OF
LYRIC POETRY
“O, Wert Thou in the Cauld Blast” by Robert Burns

O, WERT thou in the cauld blast

On yonder lea, on yonder lea,
My plaidie to the angry airt,
I’d shelter thee, I’d shelter thee.
Or did Misfortune’s bitter storms
Around thee blaw, around thee blaw,
Thy bield should be my bosom,
To share it a’, to share it a’.

EXAMPLE OF LYRIC POETRY 26

 SONNET AND
EXAMPLE
The word sonnet is derived from the Italian word
“sonetto,” which means a “little song” or
small lyric. In poetry, a sonnet has 14 lines, and is
written in iambic pentameter. Each line has 10
syllables. It has a specific rhyme scheme, and
a volta, or a specific turn.
Sonnet 1 (By William Shakespeare)
“From fairest creatures we desire increase,
That thereby beauty’s rose might never die.
But as the riper should by time decease,
His tender heir might bear his memory:
But thou, contracted to thine own bright eyes,
Feed’st thy light’s flame with self-substantial fuel,
Making a famine where abundance lies,
Thyself thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel.
Thou that art now the world’s fresh ornament
And only herald to the gaudy spring,
Within thine own bud buriest thy content
And, tender churl, mak’st waste in niggarding.
Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
To eat the world’s due, by the grave and thee…”
SONNET AND EXAMPLE 27
 LIMERICK
A limerick is a poetic form comprised of one stanza with five lines
and a rhyme scheme of AABBA that usually is humorous. The
humor can be clean, though it often verges on the obscene. The first,
second, and fifth lines of limerick examples often contain three
anapestic feet while the third and fourth lines are shorter, with just
two anapestic feet.

LIMERICK 28
EXAMPLE OF LIMERICK POETRY
To Miss Vera Beringer (By Lewis
Carroll)
“There was a young lady of station
‘I love man’ was her sole exclamation;
But when men cried: ‘You flatter,’
She replied, ‘Oh! no matter
Isle of Man is the true explanation.'”

EXAMPLE OF LIMERICK POETRY 29

 SOLILOQUY
POETRY
A soliloquy is a popular literary device often used
in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character.
It is a great technique used to convey the progress of
action of the play, by means of expressing a character’s
thoughts about a certain character or past, present, or
upcoming event, while talking to himself without
acknowledging the presence of any other person.

SOLILOQUY POETRY 30
 EXAMPLE OF
SOLILOQUY POETRY
Romeo and Juliet (By William Shakespeare)

“O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?

Deny thy father and refuse thy name;
Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love,
And I’ll no longer be a Capulet.”

EXAMPLE OF SOLILOQUY POETRY 31

 VILLANELLE AND
EXAMPLE
Villanelle is derived from the Italian word villano,
which means “peasant.’ In fact, a villanelle is a
dance song coupled with pastoral themes. In
literature, it is defined as a poetic device that
which requires a poem to have 19 lines and a fixed
form. It has five tercets (first 15 lines),
a quatrain (last four lines), and a couplet at the end
of the quatrain.
Theocritus (By Oscar Wilde)
O Singer of Persephone! (A1)
In the dim meadows desolate (b)
Dost thou remember Sicily? (A2)
Still through the ivy flits the bee (a)
Where Amaryllis lies in state; (b)
O Singer of Persephone! (A1)
Simætha calls on Hecate
And hears the wild dogs at the gate;
Dost thou remember Sicily? (A2)
VILLANELLE AND EXAMPLE 32
THANKS