SELF-DRIVING

ELECTRIC CAR AND

ITS PROSPECTS
FARDIN SABAHAT KHAN
ID- 2023032046
MBA 24-B
WHAT IS A SELF-
DRIVING CAR?
• It is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment
and moving safely with little or no human input
• Also known as autonomous vehicle (AV),  connected
and autonomous vehicle (CAV), driverless car or robo-
car 
• To assist a vehicle's operator, vehicular automation
involves the use of Mechatronics, Artificial Intelligence
and Multi-agent system
• Self-driving cars combine a variety of sensors to
perceive their surroundings, such as radar, lidar, sonar,
GPS, odometry and internal measurement units
• Advanced control systems interpret sensory
information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as
well as obstacles and relevant signage
HOW THE SELF-DRIVING CAR CAME?

• 1920s- Transmitting Antennae

• 1930s- Embedded circuits and radio controllers
• 1950s- Detector Circuits, Special Radio Receivers, Audible and Visual Warning Devices
• 1960s- Electronically controlled highways
• 1980s- Laser radar, computers and autonomous robotic control
• 1990s- Video cameras and use of stereoscopic vision algorithms
• 2000s- Real-time control system, RFID-tags
• 2010s- Artificial intelligence, GPS, Lidar, 3D mapping, sensors, etc.
HOW IT WORKS?
A self driving electric car has the
following important components- 
I. RADAR
II. Optics
III. LIDAR
IV. GPS
Battery
V. Procxessors
VI. Wheel speed sensors
VII. Battery
RADAR

• Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR)

are mainly used to detect objects
which are nearby
• In a self-driving car Accident Prevention
system trigger alerts when they detect
something in a blind car's spot
• When objects or vehicles are nearby
then signals are transmitted from a
centrally located antenna cone
• Two receiver cones, seperated by
approximately 14 inches
OPTICS

A camera mounted near

the rear-view mirror builds
It is also used to identify
a real-time 3D image of the
road markings and traffic
road ahead, spotting
signals.
hazards like pedestrians
and animals
LIDAR
• Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) is mounted on
the roof of the vehicle. It is the most important
device in the Autonomous vehicle
• LIDAR consists of an emitter, mirror and receiver
• Emitter sends out a LASER beam that bounces off a
mirror that is rotating along with the culindrical
housing at 10 revs per minute
• After bouncing off of objects, the LASER beam
returns to the mirror and is bounced back towards
the receiver, where it can be interpreted into data
• The vehicle can then generate a map of its
surroundings and use the map to avoid objects

GPS
• A Global Positioning System keeps the car on its
intended route with an accuracy of 30
centimeters
• With GPS covering the macro location of car,
smaller on-deck cameras can recognize smaller
details like red lights, stop signs and construction
zones
PROCESSORS & WHEEL
SPEED SENSORS
• Some 7 dual-core 2.13 GHZ processors and 2GB
of RAM  are needed to make sense of the data
collected by the car's instruments
• Wheel Speed Sensors measure the road-wheel
speed and direction of rotation
• These sensors provide input to a number of
different automotive systems including anti-lock
brake system and electronic stability control
PROCESS
 • Fewer Traffic collisions
• Increased roadway capacity and reduced traffic
congestion
• Relief of vehicle occupants from driving and navigation
chores
• Higher speed limit for autonomous cars

POTENTIAL • Removal of constraints on occupants state

• Alleviation of parking scarcity
ADVANTAGES • Reduction of space required for vehicle parking
• Reduction in the need for traffic police and vehicle
insurance
• Reduction of physical road signage
• Smoother ride
 • Liability for damage
• Resistance for individuals to forfeit control of their cars
• Software reliability
• Cyber security
• Implementation of legal framework and establishment
POTENTIAL of government regulations for self-driving cars
OBSTACLES • Reliance on autonomous drive produces less
experienced drivers for when manual driver is needed
• Loss of driver related jobs
• Loss of privacy
• Autonomous cars relying on lane markings cannot
decipher faded, missing or incorrect lane markings
AVAILABLE CARS
CONCLUSION

It is just the beginning of Self-driving cars. We have a long way to go.

Many automobile industries are trying to breakthrough this barrier.
Eventually, they will in the near future. But, it is the vehicle of the
future there is no doubt about that. 
THANK YOU!