Lesson 1.

2:
The Disciplines of
Social Sciences
1.Anthropology

2.Economics

3.Geography

4.History
5.Linguistics
6.Political Science

7.Sociology

8.Psychology
1.Determining the exact age of a jaw bone fossil discovered in
Ethiopia in 2013
2.Expounding the salient points of Bangsamoro Basic Law and
its relevance to the Bangsamoro people
3.Explaining the alarming frequency of sinkholes that occurred
in some parts of the Philippines just recently
4.Understanding the principal reason why 27.9% of the
Philippine population fall below the poverty line in 2012
5.Verifying the WHO report in 2014 that states that one person
commits suicide every 40 seconds
6.Analyzing the effectiveness of the “Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program” or 4Ps to the targeted Filipino families
7.Understanding variations in the development of speech and
language among Filipino children
8.Discovering the exact place of the so-called “first mass in the
Philippines” that happened in 1521
9.Amending several provisions enshrined in the Philippine
Constitution
10.Elucidating why Denmark is the happiest nation according to
“World Happiness Report” based on 2010-2012 statistics from
the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions
Network
❑It is the study of humankind.
❑It is derived from the Greek words anthropos
meaning “human” and logos meaning “word” or
“study of”.
❑Anthropologist attempt to find answers on so
many questions involving humans.
❑Anthropology is wider in scope, both
geographically and historically speaking.
Physical or
biological
anthropology – is
the study of human
biology within the
milieu of evolution.
Cultural anthropology–
involves the study and
comparative analysis of pre-
literate societies, including all
aspects of human behaviour.
Ethnography is a systematic
study of people and cultures.
It is designed to explore
cultural phenomena.
Archaeology –
involves the study of
earlier cultures and ways
of life by way of retrieving
and examining the
material remains of
previous human
societies.
Linguistic
anthropology is the
study of human speech
and language as well as
the various changes that
have taken place over
time.
TBA
TQ
AAMOF
TGIF ICYMI
DIY MMW
BTW 4YEO
IMO
OT
DGMW
TYT EOD
TIA
❑ concentrates on how a particular society solves its
problem of scarcity of resources.
❑ The term originated from the Greek words oikos
meaning “house” and nomos meaning “custom” or
“law”. The term oikonomia literally translates as
“management of a household.”
❑ seek to understand people’s activities concerning
production, distribution, and consumption of goods
and services.
A. B.
1. Goods a. a resource made from nature
2. Services b. a resource used to make a good
3. Natural Resources c. an object people can want or
4. Human Resources hold
5. Capital Resources d. people who produce goods and
services
e. an action a person does for
someone else
 Entrepreneur Goods Human resources
Consumer Services Capital resources
Producer Natural resources
1. What is a person who BUYS goods and services?
2. What type of resource is a copper an example of?
3. A business owner is a(n)
4. A teacher is an example of what type of resources?
5. Someone who MAKES goods and services is a(n)
Economics
subject
matter can be
summarized
as
 Balance Economic
of Trade Security
Economic
Growth
Full
Employment
Price-Level
Stability
Economic
Efficiency
Economic Equitable
Freedom Distribution
Work of Income
Efficiency
❑ It is the study of the features of the earth and the location of
living things on the planet.
❑ This term is derived from the Greek word geographia, from
geo meaning “earth” and graphe meaning “to describe”. A
literal translation would be “to describe the earth”.
❑ It is a branch of knowledge that
attempts to ascertain, record, and
explain facts and events that
happened in the past.
❑ It originated from the Greek word
historia meaning “inquiry”.
There are two ways of presenting historical phenomenon:

• Pre-historic past – refers to • Historic past – refers to the

that time before man invented
writing. Historians rely on
physical evidence like skeletal
remains, fossils, and artifacts to
ascertain what transpired during
this period.
period where events are
recorded through written
documents. This period of past
may be divided into four phases:
Ancient Past, Medieval Past or
Middle Ages, Modern Period, and
Post-modern Period.
In collecting historical facts as the basis of history, there are
five sources that historians will dig in.
• Written sources – everything • Orally transmitted materials –
that is written, for example, everything that is unwritten and
accounts, books, bulletins, passed on through word of mouths
contacts, diaries, journals, such as balagtasan, folklore,
newspapers, periodicals, folksongs, kwentong bayan, legends,
testaments, wills, and others. myths, pabula, tula, and others.
In collecting historical facts as the basis of history, there are
five sources that historians will dig in.
• Artistic production – these • Electronic data – everything
are historical carvings, produces through the use of
engravings, paintings, portraits, energy like computer data,
sketches, vases, woven documentaries, films, radio,
tapestries, and the like. television, and others.
In collecting historical facts as the basis of history, there are
five sources that historians will dig in.
• Relics and remains –
these include artifacts,
bones, bridges, buildings,
fossils, language, potteries,
roads, trails, vases, and
others.
❑ it includes the study of governments, and the need for the
institution, its form, and its processes.
❑ key concepts within the discipline consist of the state, politics,
power, and ideology, as well as the effects of these notions on
individuals and groups.
❑ political scientists deal with theory and practice of politics,
including analysis on public policies.
❑ is a field of knowledge involving the scientific
study of language as a universal and
recognizable aspect of human behaviour and
capacity
❑ it can be divided into three parts: morphology
(study of language form), syntax (study on
how these words are formed into phrases, and
phonology (study of sounds of language).
❑ a field of study dealing with the systematic study of patterns of
human interaction
❑ the term is derived from the Latin word socius meaning
“companion” and from the Greek word logos meaning “word” or
“study of”.
❑ it concentrates on the social influences and processes occurring
within groups of people rather than those forces affecting an
individual.
General Sociology – deals with the
properties and homogeneity common to all social
and cultural phenomena, including those
characteristics found among groups and institutions.
Special Sociology – focuses on
specific sociocultural phenomenon
usually selected for further study,
including socialization, interaction,
conflict, and domination.
❑ it deals with the nature of human behaviors, and
both internal and external factors that affect
these behaviors.
❑ from the Latin word psychologia combining
psych meaning “spirit” or “soul” and logia for
“study of”, psychology literally means “study of
the soul”.
Abnormal
Psychology–
looks at
psychopathology and
abnormal behaviour,
depression to
obsession-compulsion
to sexual deviation.
Behavioural
Psychology– a theory
learning based upon the
idea that all behaviours are
acquired through
conditioning.
Biopsychology– the study of
how brain influences behaviour
Developmental
Psychology– looks at
development throughout the lifespan,
from childhood to adulthood.
Experimental Psychology–
utilizes scientific methods to research
the brain and behaviour.
Forensic
Psychology–
deals with issues
related to
psychology and the
law.
Personality
Psychology–
focuses on the
patterns of thoughts,
feelings, and
behaviour that make
a person unique.
❑ It is the science and statistical study of human populations.
❑ Demography originated from the late 19th century words Greek demos,
‘the people’, and French graphie “to write”.
❑ It is the study of the size, composition, growth, and distribution of
human populations.
❑ Demographers attempt to comprehend the mechanisms behind human
population by investigating the three demographic processes of
(1) birth, (2) migration, and (3) aging including death.
Lesson 1.3 Social
Science Research
and Methodology
Scientific M ethod
The scientific method is a series of
processes that people can use to gather
knowledge about the world around them,
improve that knowledge, and, through
gaining knowledge, attempt to explain
why and/or how things occur.
Observation
❑Notice that social science begins
with observation. Social science is
about the real world, and the best
way to know about the real world
is to observe it.

Disadvantage
Hawthorne effect
CCTV - ethical issues lack of privacy
and freedom
Solution?
Defining the problem

This one is probably the

most important. It
involves selecting a topic
that is of importance –
that which is worth
investing time, energy,
and even money.
Reviewing the
literature Knowledge of the
relevant literature is essential
because it provides background,
suggests approaches, indicate
what has already been
covered and what has not, and
saves you from redoing what
has already been done. It is a
way of using other people’s
observations.
Observing some more..
Developing a theoretical
framework and
formulating a hypothesis
Make a statement predicting
your results and then clarify
what each of the terms in the
statement means within the
framework of your research.
Choosing a research design
Pick a means of gathering data – a survey, an
experiment, an observational study, use of existing
sources, or a combination. Weigh this choice carefully
because your plan is the crux of the research process.
Collecting the necessary data
Data are what one collects from careful observation. Your
conclusions will only be good as your data, so take care of
collecting and, especially, in recording your data.
Analyzing the results
When all the data are in, classify
facts, identify trends, recognize
relationships, and tabulate the
information so that it can be
accurately analyzed and interpreted.
A given set of facts may be
interpreted in two different ways by
two different analysts, so give your
analysis carefully, objective attention.
After this step has been taken, your
hypothesis can then be confirmed,
rejected, or modified.
Drawing conclusions
Now you can prepare a report,
summarizing the steps you have
followed, and discussed what you
have found. A good report will relate
your conclusions to the existing
body of research, suggest where
current assumptions may be modified
because of new evidence, and possibly
identify unanswered questions for
further study.
 Social scientists also have more
difficulty than physical scientists in
being objective. We should always
be on guard against likes and
dislikes, their sympathies,
prejudices, and frustrations.
Social scientist must be
professional to do his/her job to get
truthful results.
 For mod 1.4
Read and analyze the Filipino Social Scientist