Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Cerebrum
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
Cerebral Cortex - The outermost layer of gray
matter making up the superficial aspect of the
cerebrum.
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebral Cortex
http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-6.tif.jpg
Cerebral Features:
• Gyri – Elevated ridges “winding” around the brain.
Sulci
(groove)
Fissure
(deep groove)
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
Specific Sulci/Fissures:
Central Sulcus
Longitudinal Fissure
Sylvian/Lateral
Fissure
Transverse Fissure
http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg http://www.dalbsoutss.eq.edu.au/Sheepbrains_Me/human_brain.gif
Lobes of the Brain (4)
• Frontal
• Parietal
• Occipital
• Temporal
http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
* Note: Occasionally, the Insula is considered the fifth lobe. It is located deep
to the Temporal Lobe.
Lobes of the Brain - Frontal
• The Frontal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the
Frontal Bone of the skull.
• It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions:
- Memory Formation
- Emotions
- Decision Making/Reasoning
- Personality
(Investigation: Phineas
Investigation (PhineasGage)
Gage)
Primary Motor
Cortex/ Precentral
Gyrus
Broca’s Area
Orbitofrontal
Cortex
Olfactory Bulb
Regions
Somatosensory
Association Cortex
Primary
Gustatory Cortex
Regions
Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe
• The Occipital Lobe of the
Brain is located deep to the
Occipital Bone of the Skull.
Visual
Association Area
Wernike’s Area
Primary Olfactory
Cortex (Deep)
Conducted from Olfactory Bulb
Korbinian Broadmann - Learn about the man who divided the Cerebral Cortex into 52 distinct regions:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbinian_Brodmann
Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg
Lobes and Structures of the Brain
A.
B. G.
F.
C.
E.
D.
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
Lobes and Structures of the Brain
A. Central Sulcus
B. Frontal Lobe
C. Sylvian/Lateral Fissure
A. (groove) G.
D. Temporal Lobe B.
E. Transverse Fissure F.
F. Occipital Lobe
G. Parietal Lobe C. (groove)
D. E.
(groove)
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
A. K.
J.
Cortical Regions
B. I.
H.
G.
C.
D.
E. F.
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
A. Primary Motor Cortex/ Precentral Gyrus
B. Broca’s Area
C. Orbitofrontal Cortex
Cortical Regions
D. Primary Olfactory Cortex (Deep)
E. Primary Auditory Cortex K.
A. J.
F. Wernike’s Area
I.
G. Primary Visual Cortex
H. Visual B.
H.
Association Area
I. Primary Gustatory Cortex G.
J. Somatosensory C.
Association Cortex
K. Primary Somatosensory D.
Cortex/ Postcentral Gyrus E. F.
http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif
Copyright: Gary Larson
* This graphic representation of the regions of the Primary Motor Cortex and
Primary Sensory Cortex is one example of a HOMUNCULUS:
Homunculus
* Note: Homunculus literally means “little person,” and may refer to one whose body shape is
governed by the cortical area devoted to that body region.
Frontal
Remarkably, Gage never lost consciousness, or quickly regained it (there is still some
debate), suffered little to no pain, and was awake and alert when he reached a doctor
approximately 45 minutes later. He had a normal pulse and normal vision, and
following a short period of rest, returned to work several days later. However, he was
not unaffected by this accident.
http://www.sruweb.com/~walsh/gage5.jpg
Phineas Gage:
• http://www.sruweb.com/~walsh/gage5.jpg
• http://soma.npa.uiuc.edu/courses/bio303/Image7.jpg
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phineas_Gage
• http://science-education.nih.gov/nihHTML/ose/snapshots/multimedia/ritn
/Gage/Broken_brain1.html
Suggested Supplementary Materials:
1. Skeleton Outline for note-taking.
2. Multiple Diagrams of the Human Brain.
* Students will label features/lobes
* Students will color-code cortical regions
3. Worksheets (matching, short answer, etc.), centered around the functions of the
lobes and regions of the cerebrum.
4. A more in depth article on Phineas Gage. Read and discuss as a class - time
permitting.
Suggested Assessments:
1. Class/individual questioning throughout (especially at the conclusion of) the
presentation.
2. Homework worksheets - discussed or collected in class.
3. Students will take a test on the nervous system in which they will be responsible
for the structures, lobes, regions, functions, etc.
Massachusetts State Biology Standards
Broad Concept: There is a relationship between structure and
function in organ systems of humans.
4.1 Explain how major organ systems in humans (e.g.,
kidney, muscle, lung) have functional units (e.g., nephron,
sarcome, alveoli) with specific anatomy that perform the
function of that organ system.
4.2 Describe how the function of individual systems within
humans are integrated to maintain a homeostatic balance in
the body.