PILE FOUNDATION

SKETCHES

5TH SEM
Sheet no 1
 Steel grillage foundation

1) Steel grillage foundation for COLUMN

It is of steel beams, structurally known as

rolled steel joist(RSJ) provided in 2 or more
tiers.
Commonly double tier is provided, in which the
top tier beam is laid at rt. angle to the bottom
tier. And it is held in position by 25mm dia.
pipe separator. These beam are embedded in
conc.
Min clearance of 8cm is kept bet beams.
Distance bet flanges should not exceed 30cm
or 1-1/2 times the flange width.
Conc filling does not carry any load, simply
keeps the beam in position & prevents their
corrosion.
Min conc cover of 10cm is kept on the outer
side & on top. 15cm below the lower flange.
Driven Pre cast Concrete pile
Figure 20 is an illustration of a driven cast-
in-place pile with a permanent
reinforced concrete casing. Precast
reinforced concrete shells are threaded on a
steel mandrel. Metal bands and bitumen seal
the joints between shells. The mandrel and
shells are lifted on to the piling rig and then
driven into the ground. At the required depth,
the mandrel is removed, a reinforcing cage is
lowered into the shells and the pile completed
by casting concrete inside the shells. This type
of pile is used principally in soils of poor
bearing capacity and in saturated soils where
the concrete shells protect the green concrete
cast inside them from static or running water.
action of driving.
A driven cast-in-place pile without
permanent casing is illustrated in Figure 21.
The
base of a steel lining tube, supported on a
piling rig, is filled with ballast. A drop
hammer
rams the ballast and the tube into the ground.
At the required depth, the tube is restrained
and the ballast is hammered in to form an
enlarged toe as shown in Figure 3.45. Concrete
is placed by hammering it inside a lining tube;
the tube is gradually withdrawn. The effect
of driving the tube and the ballast into the
ground is to compact the soil around the pile,
and the subsequent hammering of the concrete
consolidates it into pockets (voids) and
weak strata. The enlarged toe provides
additional bearing area at the base of the pile.
This type of pile acts mainly as a friction pile.
Another type of driven cast-in-place
pile without permanent casing is
formed by driving a lining tube with
cast iron shoe into the ground with a
piling hammer operating from a piling
rig, as illustrated in Figure 22. Concrete is
placed and consolidated by the hammer as
the lining tube is withdrawn. The
particular application of this type of pile
is for piles formed through a substratum
so compact as to be incapable of being
taken out by drilling. The purpose of the
cast iron shoe, which is left in the ground,
is to penetrate the compact stratum
through which the pile is formed.
Sheet no 2
Bored cast-in-place pressure concrete piles
 References
 Building construction by Barry, vol 4.
 Building construction by Punmia, Rangwala.
 Construction Technology by Chudley
 Construction handbook by Chudley