OVERPOPULATION

Presentation on &

POVERTY

Prepared by: Bindula Yadav Submitted to: Mr. Santosh Shah

B.P.H, 4th sem Lecturer

Edenburgh International College, Edenburgh International College,
Biratnagar Biratnagar
CONTENTS
 OVERPOPULATION
• Introduction
• Causes of overpopulation
• Effects of overpopulation
• Facts & figures of overpopulation
• Solutions of overpopulation
 POVERTY
• Introduction
• Causes of poverty
• Effects of poverty
• Facts & figures of poverty
• Solutions of poverty
 Conclusion
 References
OVERPOPULATION

INTRODUCTION
“Overpopulation is an undesirable condition where the number of existing human
population exceeds the carrying capacity of Earth”.
OR
“ In the other word eexcessive population of an area to the point of
overcrowding”.

 Overpopulation is one of the major problems the planet is facing today, and it
directly or indirectly fuels other problems, ranging from pollution to global
warming.

 The population has been growing continuously since the end of the Black
Death( Bubonic Plague ), around the year 1400,although the most significant
increase has been in the last 50 years.
CAUSES OF OVERPOPULATION

 Decline in the Death Rate:

At the root of overpopulation is the difference between the overall birth rate and
death rate in populations.

If the number of children born each year equals the number of adults that die, then
the population will stabilize.

But today the case is just opposite

 Technological Advancement in Fertility Treatment & Rise in the Birth Rate

With more discoveries in medical science, it has become possible for couple who are
unable to conceive to undergo fertility treatment methods and have their own babies.
Today there are effective medicines which can increases the chance of conception
and lead to rise in birth rate.
Moreover, due to modern techniques pregnancies today are far more safer.
CAUSES OF OVERPOPULATION (Cont..)

 Lack of Education & Family Planning:

Most developing nations have large number of people who are illiterate, live
below the poverty line and have little or no knowledge about family planning.
Getting their children married at an early age increase the chances of producing
more kids.
Those people are unable to understand the harmful effects of overpopulation and
lack of ignorance prompts them to avoid family planning measures.

 Improvement in Science and Technology.

 It is the biggest reason why the balance has been permanently disturbed.
 Science was able to produce better means of producing food & clean water.
 Because of the invention of vaccines, fatal diseases can be cured & save life.
 Combining the increase in food supply with fewer means of mortality tipped
the balance.
CAUSES OF OVERPOPULATION (Cont..)

 Migration
Many move to developed countries like US, UK, Canada and Australia for best
facilities in terms of medical, education, security and employment.

The end result is that those people settle over there and those places become
overcrowded.

This leads to more demand for food, clothes, energy and homes & gives rise to
shortage of resources.
Effects of overpopulation

The main effects are :

 Poverty

 Pollution

 Crime

 Economic problems

 Unemployment

 Depletion of Natural Resources

Effects of overpopulation (Cont..)

 “Population growth and global warming push up food prices, which leads to
political instability, which leads to higher oil prices, which leads to higher food
prices, and so on in a vicious circle.”

 Food & water scarcity

 Illiteracy

 The housing problem

 Facts & figures for Overpopulation

 World population has crossed the figure of 6 billion by 2000 A.D with
rapid increase in population after 1900 A.D
Facts & figures for Overpopulation (cont..)

 In the world this year, if there will be just over 125 million births.
If fertility remains the same, that means that by the time those babies are old
enough to go to school, there will have been another 625 million births.
 Every twenty minutes, the human population grows by over 3000.

 It took dozen years for the world population to increase by one billion
people.
Between 1999 and 2011, global population increased by a billion people.

 At the time of the latest census of 2001, Nepal’s population reached 23.1
million with annual average growth rate of 2.25 percent during the last
decade 1991-2001.
Facts & figures for Overpopulation (cont..)

 According to data of UN Population Division world population is expected

to reach 9.2 billion mark by year 2050 A.D
SOLUTIONS of overpopulation

 Better Education:
 One of the first measures is to implement policies reflecting social change.
 Educating the masses helps them understand the need to have one or two
children at the most.
 Families that are facing a hard life and choose to have four or five children
should be discouraged.

 Making People Aware of Family Planning:

Raising awareness among people regarding family planning and letting them
know about serious after effects of overpopulation can help curb population
growth.
SOLUTIONS of overpopulation (Cont…)

 Tax Benefits or Concessions:

Government of various countries might have to come with various policies
related to tax exemptions to curb overpopulation.
Cutting off certain part of income tax or lowering rates of income tax for
couples who have single or two children.
As we humans are more inclined towards money, this may produce some
positive results.
POVERTY

 INTRODUCTION
“Poverty is the deprivation of food, shelter, money and clothing when people
can’t satisfy their basic needs”.
OR
“Poverty can be understood simply as a lack of money or more broadly in terms
of barriers to everyday human life”.

 TYPES:
(1) Absolute Poverty : It refers to the state of severe deprivation of basic
human needs.

(2) Relative Poverty : It is defined contextually as Economic inequality in

location or society in which people live.
CAUSES OF POVERTY

 Inflation.

 Unemployment.

 Illiteracy.

 Poor health & costly medical treatments.

 Human behaviour of having little concern for the future and preferring to “live
for the moment”.

 Overpopulation.
Effects of Poverty

(1) Health :
 one third of deaths are due to poverty related causes. Those living in poverty
suffer from life expectancy.

(2) Hunger :
 Rises in the living cost making poor people less able to afford items.
 Poor people spend most of the portion of their budget on to food than richer
person.

(3) Education:
 It is safe to state that children who live at or below the poverty level will
have far less success educationally than children who live above the poverty
line.
Effects of Poverty

(4) Housing :
 Poverty increases the risk of homelessness.
 Slum-dwellers, who make up a third of the world's urban population live in
a poverty in the developing world.
 According to a report by the United Nations there are over 100 million
street children worldwide.
Effects of Poverty

(5) Crime & Violence :

 Deterioration of living conditions can often compel children & adults to
abandon school/colleges in order to contribute family income by involving in
criminal activities.
Facts & figures for Poverty

 Nearly 1/2 of the world’s population — more than 3 billion people — live on
less than $2.50 a day. More than 1.3 billion live in extreme poverty — less than
$1.25 a day.

 1 billion children worldwide are living in poverty.

 According to UNICEF, 22,000 children die each day due to poverty.

 805 million people worldwide do not have enough food to eat.

Facts & figures for Poverty (cont..)

 More than 750 million people lack adequate access to clean drinking water.

 Diarrhea caused by inadequate drinking water, sanitation, and hand hygiene

kills an estimated 842,000 people every year globally, or approximately
2,300 people per day.

 In 2011, 165 million children under the age 5 were stunted (reduced rate of
growth and development) due to chronic malnutrition.
Facts & figures for Poverty (cont..)
 Nepal in Asian poverty map
 Nepal belongs to least developed region with high poverty, persistent
inequality and deprivation from basic facilities of health, education and
economy.
SOLUTIONS of Poverty

 Increasing supply of basic needs.

 Increasing supply of food and other goods.

 Increasing supply of healthcare and education, water and energy utilities.

 Removing constraints on government services.

 Reversing brain drains.

 Controlling overpopulation.

 Increasing personal income.

Conclusion

 From this presentation we can conclude that each poverty & overpopulation
are one side of a coin.

 If poverty increases it directly increases population & if population increases

it eventually rises the global poverty.

 Thus, effective & efficient measures must be taken in time to control &
prevent population & poverty.
References

 http://www.wikipedia.com/
 http://www.postconsumers.com/education
 http://
www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-overpopulation.p
hp
 Article on “POPULATION SIZE, GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION” by- Ritu
Pantha & Bharat Raj Sharma.
 https://www.poverties.org/blog/effects-of-poverty
Any Questions