UNIT 1

LESSON 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF
WARM-UP
1. Form yourselves into groups of five members
each.
2. Come up with a word or phrase that can be
associated with “communication”.
3. Use a semantic web to clearly show the
relationships of ideas on communication.
4. Assign a representative to synthesize the
information and share it with the class.
COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES
Communication
– process of exchanging verbal and/or non-
verbal information between two or more
people who can be either the speaker or the
receiver of messages.
- used to meet the purpose of a person
- can be in the form of written, verbal, non-
verbal, and visuals
Written communication
- texts or words encoded and transmitted through
memos, letters, reports, on-line chat, SMS,
electronic mail, journals and other written
documents.

Verbal communication
- exchange of information through face-to-face,
audio and/or video call or conferencing, lectures,
meetings, radio, and television.
Non-verbal
- the use of the following:
 Voice – tone, speech rate, pitch, pauses and
volume
 Body language – facial expressions, gestures,
postures, and eye contact
 Personal space or distance – area of space and
distance that a person from a different culture,
personality, age, sex and status adopts and puts for
another person
 Personal appearance – how a person
presents himself/herself to a particular
situation, whether formal or informal

Visuals
- use of images, graphs, charts, logos, and
maps
COMMUNICATION CAN BE
INTENDED OR UNINTENDED
Intended communication – planning what and
how you communicate your ideas to other
people older than you are or who occupy a
higher social or professional position such as
parents, teachers, supervisors among others.
Unintended communication –
unintentionally send non-verbal messages
to people you are communicating with, or
when you suddenly make negative
remarks out of frustration or anger.
COMMUNICATION IS A
COMPLEX PROCESS THAT
REQUIRES YOU TO:
 know your audience
 determine your purpose
 identify your topic
 expect objections
 establish credibility with your target audience
 present information clearly and objectively and
 develop a practical way to seek for feedback
COMMUNICATION PROCESSES
ELEMENTS
 Source – speaker/sender of message
 Message – message, information, or ideas from
the source or speaker
 Encoding – process of transferring the message
 Channel – means to deliver a message such as
face-to-face conversations, telephone calls, e-
mails, and memos
 Decoding – process of interpreting an
encoded message
 Receiver – recipient of the message
 Feedback – reactions or responses of the
receiver to the message from the sender
 Context – situation in which communication
takes place
 Barriers – factors which may affect the
communication process
EXAMPLES OF BARRIERS TO
COMMUNICATION
 Culture
 Individual differences
 Language use
 Noise
 Past Experiences
 Status
COMMUNICATION CAN BE A ONE-WAY OR
TWO WAY PROCESS
ONE-WAY PROCESS
TWO-WAY PROCESS
COMMUNICATION ETHICS

 Uphold integrity. Be truthful with your opinion

and be accurate with your judgement.
 Respect diversity of perspective and privacy.
Show compassion and consideration with the
beliefs, status, affiliations, and privacy of others.
 Observe freedom of expression effectively. Be
careful of what and how you say your words
depending on the type of people you are
communicating with.
 Promote access to communication. Give
others an opportunity to express what they feel
and think about the message being
communicated.
 Be open-minded. Accept that others have
different views which may conflict with yours.
 Develop your sense of accountability.
Acknowledge responsibility for all your
actions, good or bad.
GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
1. Be clear with your purpose.
2. Support your message with facts.
3. Be concise.
4. Provide specific information in your feedback.
5. Adjust to the needs, interests, values, and beliefs of
your audience.
6. Observe communication ethics.
7. Be your natural self and appear very confident.
ASSESSMENT
With your group in the warm-up activity,
identify at least five situations where
transactional model of communication can
take place.

For each situation, identify the elements of

communication. Share your answers.